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A new study by US researchers has uncovered how consuming sugary beverages can increase the risk of developing diabetes, with gut microbes playing a key role in this process. The research, published in Cell Metabolism, suggests that metabolites produced by gut bacteria may contribute to the harmful metabolic effects of sugary drinks.
The study focused on individuals who consumed two or more sugar-sweetened beverages per day, identifying notable differences in both gut microbiota and blood metabolites compared to those with lower sugary beverage intake. The findings showed that such a high intake of sugary drinks led to changes in nine different species of gut bacteria. Four of these species were found to produce short-chain fatty acids, which are typically beneficial for glucose metabolism.
Researchers observed that the altered metabolite profile linked to sugary beverage consumption was associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes within the following decade.
Qibin Qi, an epidemiologist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, explained, “Our study suggests a potential mechanism to explain why sugar-sweetened beverages are bad for your metabolism. Although our findings are observational, they provide insights for potential diabetes prevention or management strategies using the gut microbiome.”
The study’s findings stem from an analysis of over 16,000 participants. The researchers discovered that sugary beverage consumption was not only linked to changes in gut microbiota but also to 56 serum metabolites. These metabolites, some of which are produced by gut bacteria, were associated with poor metabolic health. Higher fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, BMI, waist-to-hip ratios, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all noted among participants who frequently drank sugary beverages.
Dr. Qi further highlighted that beverages with added sugar might be absorbed more quickly by the body compared to solid foods due to their high energy density, consisting mainly of sugar and water. This quick absorption could play a significant role in the harmful metabolic effects observed in regular sugary drink consumers.
The study offers valuable insights into the possible connection between diet, gut microbiota, and the future risk of developing diabetes, pointing to the potential of microbiome-based strategies for prevention and management.
Disclaimer: This study presents observational findings and should not be interpreted as definitive proof of cause and effect. Further research is needed to establish clearer mechanisms linking sugary beverage consumption, gut microbiota changes, and diabetes risk.
