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A recent study published in the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology has revealed concerning insights into the chemical exposures associated with everyday personal care products (PCPs). The study examined nearly 9,350 specific products used by 593 participants and found that while most individuals used multiple potentially hazardous chemicals daily, those who actively sought safer alternatives were able to reduce their exposure.
The Scope of Chemical Exposure
Led by Emily Barrett, vice chair of the Rutgers School of Public Health’s Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, the study collected product usage data from a diverse group of students, faculty, and staff at Rutgers University. On average, participants reported using 14.5 personal care products daily, ranging from soap and toothpaste to cosmetics and fragrances.
“Average exposure was high, but there was a silver lining,” said Barrett. “We saw signs that people who tried to limit exposure succeeded in doing so, so it’s certainly possible for others as well.”
Assessing Product Safety
To evaluate the safety of these products, the researchers linked each item to the Environmental Working Group’s (EWG) Skin Deep database. This database assigns hazard scores on a scale from 1 (least hazardous) to 10 (most hazardous), considering potential risks such as cancer, developmental toxicity, allergies, and endocrine disruption.
Perfumes and colognes were among the most hazardous products, often containing endocrine-disrupting chemicals called phthalates. Hair products, particularly those with hormone-active ingredients, have been linked to reproductive cancers, while skin care products containing phenols and parabens raise concerns about reproductive health.
Disparities in Chemical Exposure
Notable disparities emerged in product usage, with non-Hispanic Black women twice as likely as white women to have used hair products with high hazard scores in the last 24–48 hours. Additionally, men generally used products with lower hazard scores than women.
Barrett highlighted the regulatory gaps in the U.S., stating that unlike the European Union, which follows a precautionary principle restricting thousands of chemicals, the U.S. bans only about a dozen chemicals in personal care products.
Health Implications and Steps for Safer Choices
Studies have linked high chemical exposure from PCPs to serious health outcomes, including preterm birth and reproductive cancers. However, Barrett emphasized that reducing exposure can yield immediate benefits.
“Studies show that when you swap out hazardous products for safer alternatives, chemical levels drop within days,” she noted. Consumers can take practical steps by minimizing product use, replacing items with safer alternatives over time, and utilizing resources like the EWG’s Skin Deep database to make informed choices.
Looking Ahead: Adolescents and Chemical Exposure
The research team is now focusing on adolescents, investigating how early product choices and social media influence chemical exposures during critical developmental years. Barrett even mentioned her own children’s participation in the upcoming study.
With growing awareness and informed decision-making, consumers have the power to mitigate chemical exposure risks associated with personal care products.
Disclaimer: This article summarizes findings from a published study and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Consumers should consult health professionals for personalized guidance on product safety and chemical exposure.
