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A recent study published online in JAMA Network Open on February 11 highlights a concerning connection between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the onset of nicotine and tobacco use in youth across the United States. The research, led by Dr. Sean Esteban McCabe from the University of Michigan, emphasizes the importance of early ADHD diagnosis and treatment to potentially curb this trend.
The study analyzed data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, which followed a nationally representative sample of U.S. youths and their parents from wave 1 (September 2013 to December 2014) through wave 7 (October 2014 to April 2023). In total, 13,572 youths aged 12 to 17 years participated in the study at wave 1, with approximately 1,881 (14.1 percent) diagnosed with ADHD.
The researchers found a significant link between ADHD symptom severity and the likelihood of using e-cigarettes, smoking traditional cigarettes, or engaging in other forms of tobacco use. Youths with three or more ADHD symptoms had considerably higher odds of engaging in nicotine and tobacco use, compared to those with asymptomatic ADHD or those without ADHD. Notably, youths with highly symptomatic ADHD were more likely to initiate dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional tobacco products.
The findings underscore the critical need for early ADHD diagnosis and effective treatment—whether through pharmacotherapy or other interventions—to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of nicotine and tobacco use among U.S. youths.
“These results highlight the potential long-term benefits of addressing ADHD symptoms early on,” Dr. McCabe and his team wrote, stressing the importance of intervention to mitigate the risk of later nicotine dependence.
Disclaimer: This article is based on research findings published in JAMA Network Open. The results should not be considered medical advice. Please consult with healthcare professionals for a thorough diagnosis and appropriate treatment options for ADHD or tobacco-related concerns.
