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A new study published in the BMJ has sounded an alarm on the rising incidence of early and more aggressive type 2 diabetes among South Asians, including Indians. Researchers found that abdominal obesity, compounded by sedentary lifestyles and dietary shifts towards processed foods, significantly increases the risk of developing diabetes at a younger age and a lower body mass index (BMI) compared to white populations.
Led by Dr. Anoop Misra, Director of Diabetes Foundation (India), the international team of researchers from India, the US, UK, and Sri Lanka analyzed data from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Their findings show that South Asians not only develop diabetes earlier, but the progression of the disease is also much faster, leading to more severe complications such as kidney disease, cardiovascular conditions, and retinopathy.
“These features, coupled with rapid beta cell dysfunction, contribute to earlier onset and accelerated glycemia progression—resulting in more retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease,” Dr. Misra explained.
The study highlights that South Asians tend to accumulate fat in the abdominal region and liver (ectopic fat), while simultaneously possessing lower skeletal muscle mass than white people of similar age and BMI. These metabolic differences, along with environmental changes and increasing sedentary behavior, have fueled a surge in diabetes cases, especially among the youth.
Concerningly, South Asians also exhibit higher postprandial (after-meal) glucose levels and a faster transition from prediabetes to full-blown diabetes. Key lifestyle factors—such as high intake of refined carbohydrates and lack of physical activity—further exacerbate the risk.
The researchers emphasized the urgent need for early preventive measures through healthy eating, regular physical activity, and effective weight control. However, Dr. Misra also pointed out that access to affordable healthcare remains a major obstacle, particularly in underserved communities, leading to delayed diagnoses and more severe outcomes.
With complications such as cardiovascular disease and nephropathy more frequent and intense in South Asian populations, the study calls for robust efforts to strengthen healthcare systems, introduce innovative and affordable solutions, and implement population-wide preventive strategies.
Disclaimer: This news article is for informational purposes only and is based on research findings reported by the study and experts cited. It should not be construed as medical advice. Please consult healthcare professionals for personal medical guidance.
Reference: “New study reveals how abdominal obesity in South Asians leads to early, more aggressive risk of diabetes.” Mid-Day Lifestyle, August 2025.
