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The United States, under President Donald Trump’s leadership, has announced its intention to withdraw from the World Health Organization (WHO), a decision that has sent shockwaves through the global public health community. Many experts have expressed concern, describing the move as “a grave error” and “absolutely bad news.”
What is the WHO?
The World Health Organization, a specialized United Nations agency, plays a pivotal role in advancing global health. It aims to expand universal health coverage, coordinate responses to health emergencies like pandemics, and promote overall well-being worldwide. While it lacks the authority to enforce health policies, its influence in shaping global health, particularly in low-income countries, is profound.
The WHO has been instrumental in eradicating smallpox, combating polio, and controlling HIV/AIDS, among other milestones. It also coordinates crucial global surveillance and response efforts for infectious diseases, whose rapid spread demands international collaboration.
Why the US Plans to Withdraw
The Trump administration has cited several reasons for the decision, including alleged mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic, resistance to urgent reforms, and perceived susceptibility to political influences from member states. Additionally, the US has expressed dissatisfaction with its disproportionate financial contributions to the WHO, contributing 22% of the organization’s mandatory funding compared to China’s 15% in 2024–25.
This decision echoes similar actions from 2020 when President Trump initiated a withdrawal, later reversed by President Biden in 2021.
Potential Impacts
The withdrawal process could take up to a year and may require Congressional approval. If finalized, it would likely result in significant funding cuts for the WHO, impacting its operations. This move could also hinder progress on the WHO Pandemic Agreement, which stalled in 2024 due to disagreements among member states. The executive order suggests the US may focus on alternative global health initiatives through existing partnerships, such as those led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, these plans face challenges, especially as the administration seeks to reduce international aid.
The US withdrawal may also shift the balance of power within the WHO, potentially allowing other nations or organizations to increase their influence. While 20% of the WHO’s budget comes from member states, the remaining 80% is funded by donations, including from private and philanthropic sources. This dynamic could further complicate the organization’s priorities and independence.
Opportunities and Risks
Criticism of the WHO’s response to past crises, including delays in acknowledging COVID-19’s airborne transmission and its early cooperation with Chinese authorities during the outbreak, has highlighted the need for reform. Experts like Dr. Ashish Jha of Brown University argue for a narrower focus on outbreak response and better governance to address these shortcomings.
While the US withdrawal may pressure the WHO to pursue further reforms, it risks isolating one of the organization’s most significant contributors, potentially weakening global health efforts. Moreover, the decision could set a precedent for other countries to reevaluate their commitments, threatening the WHO’s ability to coordinate international health initiatives.
A Call for Collaboration
As the WHO urges the US to reconsider its decision, the path forward likely hinges on constructive dialogue and meaningful reforms. Retaining US involvement, coupled with organizational improvements, would ensure the global health community is better prepared to address current and future challenges.
Disclaimer: This article reflects developments as of [date] and includes information provided by The Conversation.
