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As respiratory infections like the flu, cold, and RSV rise across the United States, understanding how to manage symptoms effectively is crucial. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports an uptick in these illnesses, and with many people affected, it’s important to know when to seek care, especially if you are at higher risk for complications.
Dr. Tina Ardon, a family medicine physician at Mayo Clinic, provides expert advice on how to handle common viral infections and when to reach out for medical care.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Flu symptoms include sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, fever, body aches, and fatigue. While these can overlap with symptoms of the common cold, there are key differences. Colds typically develop gradually, while flu symptoms often appear suddenly within two to three days after exposure.
Managing Your Symptoms
For most people, managing flu or cold symptoms at home is effective. Dr. Ardon recommends starting with over-the-counter medications, such as pain relievers or cough suppressants, to ease discomfort. Staying hydrated is crucial, so drink water, broth, or warm tea throughout the day. A humidifier or taking a warm, steamy shower can also help clear congestion and improve breathing.
“Rest is essential for recovery,” Dr. Ardon says. “If possible, stay home from work or school to allow your immune system time to heal.”
Here are some tips to manage your symptoms:
- Stay hydrated: Drink water, juice, or warm lemon water with honey to ease congestion and prevent dehydration. Avoid alcohol, coffee, and caffeinated beverages.
- Consume warm liquids: Sip chicken soup, tea, or warm apple juice to soothe congestion.
- Try honey: Honey can help soothe coughs in adults and children over the age of 1. Add it to tea or lemon water for relief.
- Rest: Allow your body to recover by getting plenty of sleep.
- Add moisture: Use a cool-mist humidifier or vaporizer to relieve stuffiness. Be sure to clean and refill the device daily.
Planning Ahead for High-Risk Individuals
For those at higher risk of flu complications—such as older adults, pregnant women, or individuals with chronic conditions or weakened immune systems—Dr. Ardon advises discussing a care plan with your doctor before illness strikes. “If you’re at higher risk, we may recommend closer monitoring or additional care,” she says.
In certain cases, high-risk patients diagnosed with the flu may be prescribed antiviral medications. These drugs, available in various forms such as pills, liquids, or intravenous solutions, target the flu virus directly and must be prescribed by a doctor. It’s important to remember that flu antivirals are not effective against other illnesses like COVID-19, and are distinct from antibiotics that treat bacterial infections.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Most respiratory illnesses resolve on their own, but there are times when medical attention is necessary. Dr. Ardon advises seeking care if symptoms worsen or if any of the following occur:
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
- Dizziness or confusion
- Severe dehydration or weakness
For children, parents should also watch for:
- Rapid breathing or blue lips
- No tears when crying or no urination
- Symptoms that seem to improve but then worsen or return
Dr. Ardon emphasizes that while most people can recover from respiratory viruses at home, knowing when to seek help can be critical for a full recovery. “Understanding when to get help can make all the difference in your health,” she concludes.
By following these guidelines and keeping a close eye on symptoms, you can effectively manage a respiratory infection and ensure a smoother recovery.
Provided by Mayo Clinic
