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American soldiers are using nicotine pouches at rates far surpassing those of the general population, according to a groundbreaking study conducted at Fort Liberty, the largest U.S. military base. The research reveals that soldiers are 10 times more likely to use these products, which are associated with significant health risks, than the average American adult.
The study, led by researchers from the UVA Cancer Center, the Fort Liberty Department of Public Health, and the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, analyzed data from 1,957 soldiers surveyed between 2022 and 2023. Among the respondents, 23.8% reported using nicotine pouches in the past 30 days, compared to just 2.9% of American adults in a 2022 nationwide study.
“Military personnel historically use tobacco and nicotine products at much higher rates than their civilian counterparts,” said Dr. Melissa Little, director of the Center for Nicotine and Tobacco Research at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. “Our results show that these same disparities are continuing with new and emerging products, like nicotine pouches.”
The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal JAMA Network Open.
Rising Popularity, Growing Risks
The study also found that nicotine pouch use among soldiers increased over time, with 24.7% reporting usage in 2023, up from 20.2% in 2022. These pouches, which deliver nicotine without tobacco, are highly addictive and have been linked to health issues, including cardiovascular risks, gum ulcers, lung and stomach problems, and potentially promoting cancer growth.
Demographic patterns emerged from the study. Younger, unmarried, White, and male soldiers were more likely to use nicotine pouches, as were those who used other tobacco products like cigarettes or vapes. Soldiers aged 17 to 24 were the most frequent users, while those aged 30 and older were less likely to partake. Interestingly, soldiers with at least a bachelor’s degree were more likely to use nicotine pouches than those with only a high school education or GED.
Implications for Military and Civilian Life
The researchers emphasized the importance of addressing nicotine use among military personnel, especially as approximately 200,000 soldiers transition to civilian life each year. The team is now developing targeted interventions to help soldiers reduce nicotine and tobacco consumption.
“Given everything that military personnel sacrifice to serve our country, providing them with the tools to lead the healthiest lives possible is the best way we can give back,” Little said.
The study’s authors included Kathryn M. Polaskey, Asal Pilehvari, Rebecca A. Krukowski, Kurt M. Ribisl, and Teresa D. Pearce. Ribisl disclosed his role as a paid consultant for litigation against e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
For further information, the full study can be accessed in JAMA Network Open.
