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February 4, 2024
Recent research has illuminated a potential connection between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer, unveiling a new facet of this complex autoimmune disease. While the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on joint health is well-known, the emerging link with cancer introduces a fresh perspective on the intricacies of the condition.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune ailment that primarily targets the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential deformities over time. The immune system, mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissues, focuses on the synovium, the lining of the joints. This chronic inflammation culminates in joint damage and, if untreated, can result in disability.
Studies have now indicated that individuals with rheumatoid arthritis might have a slightly elevated risk of specific types of cancer compared to the general population. Dr. Vijay Ramanan, Sr. Consultant Clinical Haematologist at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, highlighted that while the exact reasons for this association remain unclear, factors such as chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and common risk factors like smoking, obesity, and genetic predisposition play a role.
Cancers associated with rheumatoid arthritis include lymphoma, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, and skin cancer. A recent study published in Lancet Regional Health revealed that, in comparison to the general population, treated rheumatoid arthritis patients faced a greater risk of all-cancer and some site-specific cancers, excluding breast, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers, which were less frequent than in the general population.
Dr. Ramanan emphasized that while the risk is relatively modest, proactive measures can be instrumental in mitigation. Regular screening tests, including mammograms, pap smears, colonoscopies, and skin exams, are recommended to detect cancer at an early, more treatable stage.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is also crucial in reducing the risk of cancer and improving overall well-being. This involves maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco use. These lifestyle choices not only contribute to cancer prevention but also positively impact the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
The emerging understanding of the link between rheumatoid arthritis and cancer underscores the importance of comprehensive care and proactive health measures. As researchers delve deeper into this intricate connection, it is hoped that new insights will pave the way for more effective strategies in managing both aspects of this multifaceted disease.
