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Researchers at the University of Liège uncover a novel immune regulation mechanism, potentially impacting inflammation control and infection treatments.
Liège, Belgium – Scientists at the University of Liège (ULiège) have discovered a previously unknown mechanism that regulates the immune response against parasitic infections. The study, published in Science Immunology, reveals that specific immune cells, called virtual memory T cells (TVM), become activated and express a molecule known as CD22. This molecule acts as a regulator to prevent excessive immune reactions, opening new avenues for controlling inflammation and improving immune responses.
A Surprising Role for CD22 in T Cell Regulation
Helminths—parasitic worms affecting nearly a quarter of the world’s population—provoke a complex immune defense response in their hosts. The new research demonstrates that interleukin-4 (IL-4), a key immune molecule, significantly stimulates TVM cells, prompting their proliferation in the spleen and lymph nodes. While these cells typically respond to viral infections, their activation during parasitic infections puzzled researchers.
“What is surprising is that this activation of TVM cells is accompanied by the expression of a receptor called CD22, which is normally exclusive to B lymphocytes,” explained Professor Benjamin Dewals from ULiège. “CD22 acts as a brake, limiting the excessive activation of TVM cells and preventing an overreaction of the immune system.”
Balancing Defense and Regulation
The study highlights how the immune system maintains a balance between fighting infections and preventing excessive inflammation. While TVM cells play a crucial role in infection control, their newly discovered function in regulating inflammation suggests a broader role in immune homeostasis.
This breakthrough could lead to novel strategies for enhancing immune defenses against infections or mitigating inflammatory responses linked to autoimmune diseases. “Further research is required to determine whether this mechanism exists in humans and how it might be applied in medical treatments,” added Professor Dewals.
Future Implications
Conducted in collaboration with researchers from Université Libre de Bruxelles, McGill University (Canada), and the University of Erlangen (Germany), this study emphasizes the importance of fundamental immunological research. Understanding the mechanisms that govern immune responses could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies against infections and immune-related disorders.
Reference: Bin Yang et al., IL-4 Induces CD22 Expression to Restrain the Effector Program of Virtual Memory T Cells, Science Immunology (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk4841
Disclaimer: This article is based on research findings and is for informational purposes only. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical applications of these discoveries. The content should not be considered medical advice or a substitute for professional healthcare guidance.
