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GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications have recently gained popularity for their weight loss and management benefits. Originally developed to help individuals with diabetes improve insulin resistance and control hunger cravings, these drugs have become a go-to treatment for many looking to shed excess pounds. Dr. Saundra Nguyen, assistant professor of internal medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, provides insight into the potential side effects of GLP-1 medications, which are important to consider before starting treatment.
Before the introduction of GLP-1 agonists, there were limited options for weight loss outside of diet, exercise, and surgery. Dr. Nguyen explains, “There are some pill medications that have been around for decades, but the effectiveness of those were more on the modest end. When GLP-1 agonists came out, they were much more effective than these options.”
However, Dr. Nguyen cautions that while these medications can be highly beneficial, the side effects can vary from person to person. Gastrointestinal issues are among the most common, including:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Acid reflux
- Constipation
- Diarrhea (in some cases)
- Gallbladder disease, such as gallstones (less common)
“These medications work in both your brain and your gut to slow down how food moves through your body. Some of the side effects can decrease as your body adjusts or escalate with higher doses,” Dr. Nguyen explains.
For women of reproductive age who are on oral contraceptives, Dr. Nguyen warns that GLP-1 medications can alter the absorption of birth control. “Some people have gotten pregnant while on these medications,” she says, underlining the importance of consulting with a healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Although GLP-1s help reduce hunger, make individuals feel full more quickly, and diminish food cravings, Dr. Nguyen notes that these benefits may disappear once the medication is stopped, often leading to the return of previous symptoms and weight gain.
Moreover, GLP-1 medications are not suitable for everyone. They are contraindicated for individuals with a history of pancreatitis, endocrine disorders like multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2, or those with a family history of thyroid cancer or specific types of medullary thyroid cancer.
As with any medication, Dr. Nguyen emphasizes the importance of consulting with a physician to fully understand the benefits and risks before starting GLP-1 therapy.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is intended for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance on GLP-1 medications and their potential side effects.
