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Once considered a disease primarily diagnosed in individuals over the age of 50, colorectal cancer is now affecting younger adults at an alarming rate. Statistics reveal that one in five colorectal cancer patients is under the age of 55, making it the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men under 50 and the second-leading cause among women in the same age group. As March marks Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, experts from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) are highlighting the factors behind this trend and the necessary steps for prevention and early detection.
1. Multiple Factors Contributing to Young-Onset Cases
While colorectal cancer remains most common in older adults, individuals born in 1990 face nearly double the risk of colon cancer and four times the risk of rectal cancer compared to those born in 1950.
“We are unfortunately seeing younger patients being diagnosed with colorectal cancer more often, and we’re all asking why this is happening,” said Dr. Roberto Rodriguez-Ruesga, FACS, a colorectal surgeon at Texas Oncology in Dallas, Texas. “The important thing we need to do is raise awareness of this trend and promote prevention, early detection, and treatment.”
Ongoing research suggests that environmental, genetic, and lifestyle factors—including the high consumption of ultra-processed foods, alcohol, and sugar—may play a role in the increasing incidence among younger adults. However, there is no single definitive cause. Experts recommend maintaining a healthy lifestyle, incorporating regular exercise, and limiting processed foods to reduce risk.
2. Recognizing Symptoms and Acting Early
Early detection can be lifesaving, yet younger adults often overlook warning signs. “Blood in your stool should always prompt a discussion with your doctor,” advised Dr. V. Liana Tsikitis, FACS, state chair of Oregon for the ACS Commission on Cancer and a professor of surgery at Oregon Health & Science University.
Other symptoms, such as frequent constipation or diarrhea, unexplained abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss, and noticeable changes in stool consistency, should also be taken seriously. “If something doesn’t seem right, ask a physician and be persistent about your concerns,” Dr. Tsikitis urged.
3. Importance of Early Screening
Despite the life-saving benefits of early detection, only about 70% of eligible patients are up to date with their colorectal cancer screenings. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends beginning colonoscopy screenings at age 45, but individuals with a family history or conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or Lynch syndrome should consider earlier testing.
4. Personalized Treatment for Young Patients
Colorectal cancer in younger adults is often diagnosed at later stages, making treatment more complex. Fortunately, options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and newer immunotherapy treatments offer hope.
“When it comes to treatment, I like to think of it as management, which goes beyond medical interventions to consider the whole patient and their personal needs and priorities,” said Dr. Y. Nancy You, FACS, a member of the ACS National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer committee and director of the Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Dr. You emphasized the need for additional support for younger patients balancing cancer treatments with their careers, education, or family planning. Discussions about fertility preservation, sexual health, and survivorship services are becoming increasingly relevant as treatments evolve to help patients live longer, healthier lives.
“As treatments improve, we are converting cancer into a chronic disease, and survivorship will be a growing area where we must offer continued support,” Dr. You said.
Disclaimer:
This article is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. If you experience symptoms or have concerns about your health, please consult a medical professional.
