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A new study published in the Journal of Human Lactation reveals that supportive co-parenting plays a significant role in fostering secure infant attachment, with findings suggesting that this positive outcome can occur regardless of whether the mother chooses to breastfeed. The research, conducted by experts from the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, highlights the interconnected relationship between breastfeeding, maternal parenting quality, and the role of co-parenting support.
The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life and continuing alongside other foods for at least two years. Breastmilk, rich in nutrients and antibodies, is critical for infant growth and development. However, this new study suggests that while breastfeeding provides important physical and emotional benefits for both mother and child, co-parenting quality also plays a crucial role in nurturing secure attachment.
Doug Teti, distinguished professor of human development and family studies at Penn State, emphasized the importance of breastfeeding, noting, “Breastfeeding incorporates both physical touch and the mother’s ability to be sensitive. A positive breastfeeding experience is important and has clear positive benefits for both the baby and the mother.”
The study followed 167 mothers and their infants over the course of 18 months, observing the family dynamics through home visits and video recordings of infant bedtime routines. These interactions allowed researchers to evaluate the quality of parenting and the nature of infant attachment—whether secure or insecure.
Children with secure attachment were shown to explore their environment with confidence, seeking comfort from their parents during moments of distress. In contrast, children with insecure attachment exhibited an imbalance in their behaviors, either clinging to the parent in low-stress situations or distancing themselves during times of high stress.
Co-parenting was identified as a key factor influencing the quality of parenting. Researchers found that when mothers received high-quality support from their partners, whether they breastfed or not, their parenting quality improved, leading to secure infant attachment. Conversely, when co-parenting was of lower quality, secure attachment was mainly observed in breastfeeding mothers.
Lead author Christine Kim noted, “Breastfeeding is one great way to promote secure attachment, but if a mother does not breastfeed, it is important to get the partner involved to have a strong support system. That, in turn, promotes good mother-infant bonding and secure attachment in the infant.”
This study suggests that pediatricians and early-life clinicians should consider the entire family unit when discussing infant health, as both parents—whether biological or co-parents—contribute significantly to the development of secure attachment.
“The spouse, partner, or whoever is providing co-parenting support matters just as much,” Kim said. “When parents work together, they provide more supportive parenting for the infant and more secure attachment for all.”
Disclaimer:
This study’s findings do not negate the importance of breastfeeding. The benefits of breastfeeding for both the infant and mother are well-documented. However, the research emphasizes the role of co-parenting in creating an environment that promotes secure attachment, especially in cases where breastfeeding is not possible or chosen. Families and health professionals are encouraged to consider the unique circumstances and support systems of each mother-infant pair when providing guidance on infant care.
