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**September 2024 — In a groundbreaking study published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, researchers have demonstrated that participating in a high volume of endurance exercise over a short period can significantly reduce body fat without corresponding weight loss. This research has been selected as an APSselect article for September, highlighting its importance in understanding the benefits of exercise beyond traditional weight loss.
The study, conducted by Dominic J. Chartrand and colleagues, explored the effects of an intense exercise regimen on body composition. The trial involved a group of middle-aged recreational cyclists who undertook a rigorous seven-day cycling challenge, covering approximately 710 miles (1,144 kilometers) within the week. The study aimed to investigate how such extreme physical activity impacts body fat levels and overall health markers when weight maintenance is prioritized.
Participants in the cycling group were provided with unlimited buffet breakfasts and lunches each day, along with boxed dinners and snacks to maintain their weight and prevent dehydration. Despite these measures, the cyclists experienced a slight weight loss of about 1% and a reduction of 1.26 inches in waist circumference. Notably, the cyclists achieved a significant reduction in overall body fat mass—over 9%, including a 14.6% decrease in visceral fat, which is known for its association with various health risks.
The study also revealed notable improvements in several health markers. The cycling group saw reductions of more than 20% in total cholesterol and almost 40% in triglyceride levels. Additionally, their blood pressure decreased, and they exhibited lower HbA1C levels, a long-term measure of blood sugar.
Interestingly, the cyclists had similar levels of visceral fat compared to a control group that did not participate in the cycling challenge. This suggests that while endurance exercise can significantly reduce body fat, it may not necessarily impact visceral fat in the same way as other forms of physical activity or weight loss strategies.
The researchers emphasized that the results underscore the importance of promoting physical activity as a key component of obesity prevention, rather than focusing solely on caloric restriction. They argue that maintaining a physically active lifestyle is crucial, particularly in an environment where highly processed, energy-dense foods are widely available.
The study’s findings provide compelling evidence that humans are biologically designed for physical activity rather than merely consuming fewer calories. As Chartrand and his team concluded, “This research highlights the value of exercise in improving body composition and metabolic health, even when weight loss is not the primary objective.”
For more information, refer to the study: Dominic J. Chartrand et al, “Effects of 1,144 km of road cycling performed in 7 days: a cardiometabolic imaging study,” American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (2024). DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00098.2024.
