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A groundbreaking study conducted by researchers from the University of Exeter, in collaboration with the University of Bristol and University of Eastern Finland, has uncovered a concerning association between increased sedentary time in childhood and a heightened risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. The research, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, emphasizes the critical role of light physical activity in mitigating this risk.
Led by Professor Andrew Agbaje of the Children’s Health and Exercise Research Center at the University of Exeter, the study sheds light on the profound impact of sedentary behavior on insulin concentration and the development of type 2 diabetes. “Childhood sedentariness is a monster that threatens the young population across the globe, no thanks to excessive screen use,” remarked Professor Agbaje. “Sedentariness should be recognized as one of the independent causes of excess insulin, fat obesity, high lipid levels, inflammation, and arterial stiffness.”
The research, drawing from the University of Bristol’s Children of the 90s data, tracked 792 children from ages 11 to 24. Alarmingly, the study revealed that the average sedentary time increased from six to nine hours per day during the follow-up period. This escalation in sedentary behavior was linked to significantly higher insulin levels, particularly among overweight and obese youths, who faced a 20% increased risk of excess insulin.
However, the study also uncovered a beacon of hope: light physical activity emerged as a powerful tool in combating the adverse effects of sedentary behavior. Increasing and maintaining light physical activity from childhood reduced the risk of excess insulin by 20% and was associated with lower insulin resistance. Even modest engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity showed potential in mitigating insulin levels, albeit to a lesser extent.
Previous findings from the same cohort have underscored the detrimental impact of sedentariness on various health markers, including fat obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and premature vascular damage. The researchers observed a concerning cycle of obesity and worsening insulin resistance, highlighting the urgent need for effective intervention strategies.
The study represents the largest and longest follow-up accelerometer-measured movement behavior and glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance study globally. Participants wore accelerometer devices at ages 11, 15, and 24, providing invaluable insights into their activity levels. Fasting glucose and insulin measurements were obtained at ages 15, 17, and 24, alongside other relevant health parameters.
By elucidating the critical role of light physical activity in offsetting the harmful effects of sedentary behavior, the study underscores the importance of promoting active lifestyles from childhood. Professor Agbaje stressed the significance of public health efforts and parental encouragement in fostering daily engagement in light physical activity. As the world grapples with rising rates of diabetes and sedentary lifestyles, interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among youths have never been more imperative.
