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A comprehensive Scandinavian study led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet has dispelled concerns regarding a potential link between GLP-1 analogs, commonly used to treat diabetes and obesity, and an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Published in The BMJ, the study provides reassurance to patients and clinicians regarding the safety profile of these widely prescribed medications.
GLP-1 receptor agonists, also known as GLP-1 analogs, are pharmacological agents used to reduce blood sugar levels and curb appetite. Despite their effectiveness in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity, previous studies and adverse event data raised concerns about a possible association between GLP-1 analogs and thyroid tumors. However, limitations in data and methodology hindered clear conclusions, leaving uncertainty regarding this potential side effect.
Lead researcher Björn Pasternak from Karolinska Institutet emphasized the importance of investigating potential risks associated with medications that are widely used. “Many people take these medicines, so it is important to study potential risks associated with them,” said Pasternak.
The study, conducted using national register data from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, analyzed approximately 145,000 patients treated with GLP-1 analogs, primarily liraglutide or semaglutide, and compared them with 290,000 patients treated with another diabetes drug (DPP4 inhibitors). The researchers assessed the risk of thyroid cancer over an average follow-up period of nearly four years.
The findings revealed that GLP-1 treatment was not associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, even when compared to a third diabetes medication group (SGLT2 inhibitors). However, the researchers acknowledged the need for further investigation into specific subtypes of thyroid cancer, particularly in smaller patient groups that were not included in the study.
Peter Ueda, an assistant professor at Karolinska Institutet, highlighted the ongoing research program exploring the effects and potential side effects of newer diabetes medications. “It’s therefore essential to investigate how these medicines perform in everyday clinical settings,” Ueda stated.
The study contributes valuable insights to the safety profile of GLP-1 analogs, providing reassurance to both patients and healthcare providers. As these medications continue to be prescribed to broader patient groups, ongoing research will further elucidate their efficacy and safety in real-world clinical settings.
