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Binge-eating disorder, the most prevalent eating disorder in the United States, may last longer than previously thought, according to a new study led by researchers from McLean Hospital. Published in Psychological Medicine, the study challenges earlier beliefs about the duration and relapse rates of the disorder.
The research, spanning five years and involving 137 adult community members with binge-eating disorder, revealed that a significant portion of individuals continue to experience symptoms years after diagnosis. At the 2.5-year mark, 61 percent of participants met the full criteria for the disorder, with an additional 23 percent experiencing clinically significant symptoms. Even after five years, 46 percent still met full criteria, and 33 percent had sub-threshold symptoms, indicating substantial persistence over time.
Kristin Javaras, the study’s first author and assistant psychologist at McLean Hospital, emphasized the study’s findings: “Our research shows that while binge-eating disorder can improve with time, many individuals struggle with it for years, contrary to previous suggestions of shorter durations.”
The study’s participants, ranging from 19 to 74 years old with an average BMI of 36, were assessed initially and re-evaluated at 2.5 and 5 years. The findings underscored variability in remission rates and highlighted that even those who achieved remission often relapsed.
“This study provides a more realistic view of the disorder’s natural course,” said Javaras. “It’s crucial for clinicians and policymakers to understand the long-term impact of binge-eating disorder to provide effective care.”
Previous studies, largely retrospective or limited in scope, had indicated shorter average durations or faster remissions. The new research, however, benefited from a larger, more diverse sample and longer follow-up periods, offering a comprehensive view of the disorder’s trajectory.
Moving forward, the researchers plan to explore neurobiological aspects of binge-eating disorder to enhance treatment options and develop better screening methods for early intervention.
“This study highlights the need for increased awareness and support for individuals with binge-eating disorder,” Javaras noted. “With better understanding and targeted interventions, we aim to improve outcomes for those affected by this persistent condition.”
The findings underscore the complexity of binge-eating disorder and the importance of continued research to refine treatment strategies and support systems for affected individuals.
Reference: Javaras, K., et al. (2024). Duration and predictors of binge-eating disorder: A five-year prospective study. Psychological Medicine. Cambridge University Press.
