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A recent study has underscored that immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines are often insufficient in older individuals with weakened immune systems. Researchers suggest that adjuvant-enhanced vaccines could play a crucial role in improving protection against RSV in this vulnerable group.
Study Findings
The research involved 38 immunocompromised participants, aged 64-72, who received either the RSVPreF3-AS01E (Arexvy) or RSVpreF (Abrysvo) vaccine. The results demonstrated that preF IgG antibody levels increased by a median of 4.21-fold within four weeks of vaccination, with 61% of participants meeting the criteria for seroconversion. However, approximately 40% of participants did not achieve seroconversion or reach a conservative neutralization threshold post-vaccination, indicating potential limitations in vaccine efficacy for some individuals.
The study was part of the Emerging Pathogens of Concern in Immunocompromised Persons prospective cohort, focusing on immunocompromised individuals who had received the RSV vaccine. Additionally, researchers observed a positive correlation between preF antibody levels and NT50 values, with NT50 increasing from 395 at baseline to 2,978 after four weeks.
Implications for Vaccine Development
These findings suggest that adjuvant-enhanced vaccines may provide improved immune responses in immunocompromised individuals and highlight the need for further investigation through larger, more comprehensive trials.
The RSVPreF3-AS01E adjuvanted RSV prefusion F protein-based vaccine (Arexvy) received FDA approval for older adults in May 2023, followed by the unadjuvanted, bivalent RSV prefusion F protein vaccine (Abrysvo) a month later. Experts concluded that individuals receiving the adjuvanted vaccine showed higher RSV-neutralizing and anti-pre-fusion F antibodies, reinforcing the potential benefits of adjuvant-enhanced vaccines for immunocompromised populations.
Future Considerations
The study emphasizes the importance of continued research into vaccine efficacy for immunocompromised older adults. As RSV poses a significant threat to this demographic, optimizing vaccine formulations could be crucial in reducing the burden of RSV-related illness and hospitalization.
Disclaimer: The information in this article is based on a published study and should not be considered medical advice. Readers are encouraged to consult healthcare professionals for personalized guidance on vaccinations and immunization strategies.
(Source: https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/rsv/113606)
