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A simple, painless test performed at birth could drastically reduce the number of babies suffering from long-term disabilities and death due to oxygen deprivation, according to a new study. Researchers have found a strong link between umbilical cord pH levels and the risk of neurological damage in newborns.
The study, published by researchers from an analysis of over 35,000 babies born in Sweden between 1997 and 2012, tracked health records for up to 20 years. It revealed that babies with an umbilical cord pH below 7.05, indicating oxygen deprivation during delivery (neonatal acidemia), faced a significantly higher risk of death and disabilities within the first two decades of life.
Oxygen deprivation at birth can cause lasting damage to the brain and other organs, leading to conditions like cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and intellectual disabilities. Globally, over a million babies die each year due to this preventable condition.
The simple test involves sampling umbilical cord blood to check pH levels, providing a snapshot of the baby’s oxygen levels at birth. However, there is no global consensus on what constitutes an abnormal pH level. Countries like Sweden and Norway often consider a pH below 7.05 as abnormal, triggering medical intervention, while others may set the threshold at 7.00 or lower.
“Our study established a clear connection between acidemia at birth and long-term neurological problems. And the lower the cord pH the greater the risk,” researchers stated.
The study found the risk of cerebral palsy was four times higher in babies with a cord pH below 7.05, and the risk of epilepsy was nearly twice as high. Intellectual disabilities were also more common with lower pH levels.
The brain’s sensitivity to oxygen fluctuations makes neurons particularly vulnerable. Oxygen deprivation can damage or kill these cells, affecting movement, memory, and cognitive function. Affected brain areas include the motor cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia.
Timely intervention, such as therapeutic hypothermia (cooling therapy), can significantly reduce brain damage. Cooling the baby’s body slows down brain metabolism, allowing it time to heal.
Researchers emphasize that sampling cord pH should be a routine procedure at all maternity units. This simple test can provide crucial information for immediate medical intervention, potentially saving babies from lifelong health problems.
“Recognizing the effect of oxygen levels at birth is a medical necessity and a simple blood test can provide us with this information,” researchers concluded. “By improving newborn care and medical practices, we can help every child have a better chance at a life, free from preventable disabilities.”
Disclaimer: This article is based on information provided by a study and should not be taken as medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for any concerns regarding newborn health. The information presented reflects the findings of the study mentioned and may not represent the opinions of all medical professionals. The interpretation of pH levels and the implementation of interventions can vary based on local guidelines and individual circumstances.
