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New Delhi, May 17:
Hypertension, often dubbed the “silent killer,” remains one of the gravest public health challenges across South-East Asia, affecting over 294 million people, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). On World Hypertension Day, observed annually on May 17, WHO highlighted the alarming scale of the crisis-especially in India, where over 220 million people are estimated to be living with high blood pressure.
Despite the staggering numbers, nine out of every ten Indians with hypertension are not receiving optimal care, revealed Saima Wazed, WHO South-East Asia Regional Director. “Hypertension remains a leading contributor to premature mortality from heart attacks and strokes in our region. The unmet need-the gap between those affected and those adequately diagnosed, treated, and controlled-remains as high as 88%,” Wazed stated.
The Hidden Epidemic
Hypertension is known for its lack of symptoms, allowing it to quietly damage blood vessels and organs over years. In India, the condition is responsible for nearly a third of all deaths, mainly due to heart attacks and strokes. WHO data shows that only 12% of Indians with hypertension manage to keep their blood pressure under control-one of the lowest rates globally.
Behavioral risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, high salt consumption, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and mental stress are fueling its spread. Urbanization and increased life expectancy have also contributed to the rising prevalence, which now affects at least one in four Indian adults.
Gaps in Diagnosis and Treatment
The WHO’s recent reports reveal critical gaps at every stage of hypertension management in India:
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Only 37% of those with hypertension are aware of their condition.
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Of those diagnosed, just 30% begin treatment.
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Ultimately, only about 12-15% achieve blood pressure control.
Many patients are diagnosed only after complications arise, such as heart or kidney damage, and even then, adherence to medication and follow-up remains low.
National Response and the Path Forward
Recognizing the urgent need for action, India has committed to reducing hypertension prevalence by 25% by 2025, in line with WHO’s global targets. The Indian Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI), launched in 2017, aims to strengthen primary healthcare, standardize treatment protocols, and ensure regular follow-up for millions of patients.
The government has also set a goal to place 75 million people with hypertension or diabetes on standard care by 2025, focusing on early detection and improved management through primary health centers.
Experts stress that lifestyle changes-such as reducing salt intake, increasing physical activity, and managing stress-combined with better access to medication and regular monitoring, are essential to curb the growing epidemic.
The Stakes
If India manages to control blood pressure in even half of its hypertensive population, an estimated 4.6 million deaths could be averted by 20407. WHO continues to advocate for integrated healthcare services and bold policy measures to reduce premature deaths from non-communicable diseases by one-third by 2030.
“With strong political will, community engagement, and innovative approaches, we can reduce the burden of hypertension and move closer to achieving our global goal,” said Saima Wazed, WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia.
Disclaimer:
This article is based on recent data and statements from the World Health Organization and Indian health authorities. The information is intended for general awareness and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. For personal health concerns, please consult a qualified healthcare provider.
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