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A recent study published in the journal Eurosurveillance has found a significant increase in neuroinvasive Toscana virus (TOSV) infections in Italy from 2022 to 2023. The virus, transmitted by sand flies, is a leading cause of central nervous system infections during the summer months in the Mediterranean region.
The study highlights several key points:
- Increased Incidence: TOSV infections nearly tripled in Italy between 2022 and 2023 compared to the previous five years.
- Geographic Expansion: The virus’s reach has expanded to new regions, including Sardinia, Molise, Umbria, and Trento.
- High-Risk Groups: Males, individuals aged 19-67 and over 67, and residents of rural areas are at higher risk of contracting TOSV.
- Climate Link: Reduced precipitation and higher temperatures in 2022 are believed to have contributed to increased sand fly activity and a prolonged transmission season.
- Underreporting: TOSV infections are likely underreported outside Italy, with a lack of standardized surveillance measures across the European Union.
The study’s findings emphasize the need for:
- Public Awareness: Raising awareness among the public about TOSV, its symptoms, and preventive measures.
- Vector Control: Implementing effective strategies to control sand fly populations.
- Clinician Vigilance: Encouraging healthcare providers to be vigilant for TOSV cases, especially in high-risk regions and during peak seasons.
- Strengthened Surveillance: Establishing standardized reporting and diagnostic practices to improve TOSV surveillance.
These measures are crucial for mitigating the growing public health burden of TOSV in Italy and potentially other European regions.
The study also highlights the potential link between climate change and increased TOSV transmission. As climate patterns shift, vector-borne diseases like TOSV may become more widespread, posing a significant public health challenge.
This is a concerning trend, and further research is needed to understand the full impact of climate change on TOSV transmission and develop effective prevention strategies.
