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New Delhi, September 29, 2024 — Heart diseases, traditionally more common among men, are now increasingly affecting young, premenopausal Indian women, leading health experts warned on Sunday. Ahead of World Heart Day, observed annually on September 29, experts highlighted a worrying trend: women under 50, particularly those with risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are increasingly being diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
The theme for this year’s World Heart Day is ‘Use Heart for Action,’ emphasizing the need for timely intervention and lifestyle changes to curb heart disease, which remains the leading cause of death in India. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, cardiovascular diseases account for over 17% of deaths among Indian women, a figure that continues to rise.
“Women are generally protected from heart disease until menopause. However, we are now seeing a disturbing rise in heart disease among young, premenopausal women,” said Dr. S. Ramakrishnan, professor of cardiology at AIIMS-New Delhi, speaking to IANS.
The Role of PCOS and Lifestyle Factors
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common condition among Indian women, has emerged as a significant contributor to this trend. PCOS is characterized by weight gain, insulin resistance, and elevated levels of male hormones (androgens), which collectively increase the risk of heart disease. Dr. Arati Adhe Rojekar, a consultant gynecologist at P.D. Hinduja Hospital, emphasized the profound impact of PCOS on cardiovascular health, noting that obesity and insulin resistance associated with the condition elevate harmful cholesterol and triglyceride levels, further heightening heart disease risk.
“PCOS directly impacts the blood vessels and heart, making women more vulnerable to cardiac conditions,” Dr. Rojekar explained. “Obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated androgen levels all contribute to increased cardiovascular risk.”
A recent study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology revealed that women with PCOS face up to a 51% higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to women without the condition. Additionally, metabolic syndrome (MeTS) — a cluster of conditions including diabetes, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance — is commonly seen in women with PCOS, particularly in India, where close to one in five women may be affected.
“Women with PCOS should prioritize regular heart health check-ups to catch early signs of cardiovascular issues,” advised Dr. Sarita Rao, a senior interventional cardiologist at Apollo Hospitals. “Physical activity and a healthy diet are crucial in preventing the onset of heart disease.”
The Alarming Surge of Coronary Artery Disease
The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among Indian women has surged by over 300% in the past two decades, according to a study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. The study found that between 3% and 13% of women in India are now diagnosed with CAD, a condition that was previously less common in women of reproductive age.
Air Pollution: An Emerging Threat
Apart from traditional risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity, air pollution has emerged as a significant contributor to the rising incidence of heart disease in women. Dr. Ramakrishnan noted that “air pollution is becoming as dangerous as smoking” and has been linked to an increased incidence of heart attacks, particularly when pollution levels are high.
“Studies have shown a clear association between air pollution and cardiovascular events. We recommend that people engage in moderate aerobic exercises, at least five days a week, to reduce their risk,” Dr. Ramakrishnan added.
Preventing Heart Disease in Women
Experts urged young women, especially those with PCOS and other risk factors, to adopt heart-healthy habits early on. Regular exercise, maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress, and undergoing routine health screenings are essential steps in preventing the onset of cardiovascular disease.
As World Heart Day 2024 draws attention to the global burden of heart disease, Indian women are being reminded that early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, and addressing risk factors are key to reducing the alarming rise in heart disease among younger populations.
Key Takeaways:
- Rising cases of heart disease are being observed among young, premenopausal Indian women.
- PCOS, along with lifestyle factors like obesity and diabetes, is significantly increasing cardiovascular risks in women.
- Air pollution is an emerging risk factor, comparable to smoking, for heart attacks.
- Experts emphasize routine heart health checks, physical activity, and dietary management to mitigate these risks.
