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A recent study by researchers at Fujita Health University in Japan has revealed a significant increase in central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in adults since 2019. The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced vaccination and public health measures.
Study Overview
Between 2013 and 2022, the research team analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples from 615 adult patients suspected of CNS infections. VZV DNA was detected in 10.2% of these cases, with aseptic meningitis being the predominant condition. Notably, from 2019 to 2022, there was a marked rise in VZV-related CNS infections, particularly aseptic meningitis, which increased from 50% in 2013-2018 to 86.8% in the later period.
Potential Causes
The study suggests that changes in vaccination protocols may play a role. Japan’s introduction of universal varicella vaccination in 2014 has reduced natural booster effects from re-exposure to the virus, potentially leading to a decline in immunity and subsequent VZV reactivation. The researchers note that the rise in CNS infections coincides with these changes, highlighting the need for improved preventive strategies.
Implications for Public Health
Beyond causing aseptic meningitis, VZV infection in the CNS has been linked to an increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. The study emphasizes that preventing VZV reactivation through zoster vaccination could mitigate these risks. The researchers advocate for increased vaccination coverage and further studies to fully understand the interactions between VZV, vaccination practices, and neurological outcomes.
Disclaimer: This article is based on research findings and should not be construed as medical advice. For personalized health guidance, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.
- Ayami Yoshikane, Hiroki Miura, Sayuri Shima, Masaaki Matsunaga, Soichiro Ishimaru, Yuki Higashimoto, Yoshiki Kawamura, Kei Kozawa, Akiko Yoshikawa, Akihiro Ueda, Atsuhiko Ota, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tatsuro Mutoh, Tetsushi Yoshikawa. Increase in Adult Patients with Varicella Zoster Virus–Related Central Nervous System Infections, Japan. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2024; 30 (12) DOI: 10.3201/eid3012.240538
