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A recent study published in the journal Nature Food has revealed a concerning link between healthy dietary patterns and increased exposure to environmental contaminants among pregnant women. The research analyzed data from 1,618 expectant mothers in the United States to assess whether adherence to recommended dietary guidelines could inadvertently elevate the risk of harmful chemical exposure.
Healthy diets such as the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) have long been advocated for their benefits, including reduced risks of cardiometabolic diseases and pregnancy complications. However, the study suggests that these diets may also introduce elevated levels of heavy metals and industrial chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
Key findings from the study indicate that higher adherence to aMED and aHEI was associated with increased concentrations of perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), mercury, PFAS compounds, cesium, molybdenum, and thallium. Conversely, these diets were linked to lower levels of essential metals such as copper and zinc. Additionally, early pregnancy adherence to DASH, aMED, and aHEI was found to be significantly correlated with heightened plasma concentrations of PCBs, particularly in individuals following aMED and aHEI.
The study further highlighted that the primary source of these contaminants is fish consumption, which is a key component of the Mediterranean diet and other healthy eating patterns. This issue was particularly prevalent among Asian and Pacific Islander populations, who often consume fish as a staple in their diet.
While the findings raise concerns, experts emphasize that balanced nutrition remains crucial for maternal and fetal health. Health professionals advise pregnant women to opt for a varied diet while being mindful of potential sources of contamination, such as certain seafood known to have high mercury levels.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Pregnant individuals should consult healthcare professionals before making dietary changes.
