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New Delhi, Jun 8:
As the monsoon sweeps across India, the surge in rat and rodent activity brings not only property damage and nuisance but also a significant spike in health risks. Recent deaths in the United States linked to hantavirus have renewed concerns about the potentially fatal diseases that rats can transmit—even inside homes.
Major Rat-Borne Diseases to Watch Out For
Bubonic Plague
Historically infamous as the Black Plague, this disease decimated millions during the Middle Ages. The infection is caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria, typically spread by fleas carried on rats. Symptoms include fever, chills, and painfully swollen lymph nodes. While rare today, outbreaks remain possible wherever rat infestations are unchecked.
Hantavirus
Rats and rodents can transmit hantavirus through their urine, droppings, or saliva. Two major illnesses associated with hantavirus are:
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): Affects the lungs, causing severe respiratory distress. Approximately 38% of HPS cases can be fatal.
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Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS): Damages the kidneys and is more common in Europe and Asia.
Early symptoms include fatigue, muscle aches, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain.
Salmonellosis (Salmonella Infection)
Salmonella bacteria, found in rat feces, can contaminate food and surfaces. Infection leads to fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea, and may require hospitalization in severe cases.
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF)
This group of viral infections, transmitted by rodents, affects multiple organs and can cause internal bleeding. Symptoms include chest pain, bloody diarrhea, low blood pressure, seizures, coma, and skin rashes1.
Rat-Bite Fever (RBF)
RBF is a bacterial illness spread through bites, scratches, or even contact with rat saliva or urine. Symptoms may include joint pain, fever, vomiting, rash, and swelling near the bite. If untreated, it can result in serious complications such as pneumonia, meningitis, or endocarditis.
Leptospirosis
This bacterial infection is transmitted through exposure to water or soil contaminated with rat urine. Symptoms range from mild flu-like signs to severe kidney and liver complications.
Public Health Advisory
With rodent activity peaking during the rainy season, health experts urge the public to:
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Maintain strict hygiene in and around the home
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Store food in sealed containers
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Clean up food spills promptly
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Use gloves and masks when cleaning areas with rodent droppings
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Seal entry points to prevent rodent access
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Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop after potential exposure
Stay Safe, Stay Informed
Rats are more than a household nuisance—they are vectors for diseases that can be fatal if not recognized and treated promptly. Quick action, hygiene, and awareness are the best defenses against these invisible threats.
Disclaimer:
This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. If you suspect exposure to rats or experience any symptoms mentioned above, consult a healthcare provider immediately.
