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Prague, Czech Republic – Researchers have developed a novel compound that could revolutionize the treatment of alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder causing patchy hair loss. A collaborative effort led by Dr. Pavel Majer from IOCB Prague, in conjunction with laboratories at Johns Hopkins University, has yielded promising results with a series of itaconate prodrugs, as detailed in a recent publication in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
Alopecia areata affects approximately 2% of the population, predominantly women, and is the second most common cause of hair loss. The condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to inflammation and subsequent hair loss. Current treatments often rely on corticosteroids, which can carry significant side effects.
The research team focused on itaconate, a naturally occurring substance known for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, itaconate’s limited ability to penetrate cells posed a challenge. To overcome this, Dr. Majer’s team developed prodrugs – compounds that are converted into the active drug within the body.
“We have prepared a series of prodrugs, at least two of which appear to be highly effective. Tests on mice have confirmed that the compounds are absorbed well and release the active ingredient in the skin at the right concentration. Our itaconate derivatives could thus represent a completely new method of treating alopecia,” stated Dr. Pavel Majer.
The study confirms the efficacy of these itaconate-based prodrugs, demonstrating their potential to significantly alleviate symptoms of alopecia areata. Notably, these substances show promise for oral administration, potentially offering a more convenient treatment option than topical ointments.
Building upon previous research published in PNAS Nexus in 2022, the current study further validates the potential of this discovery. The pharmaceutical company SPARC has recognized the significance of this work and acquired a license for the patented technology.
One of the developed compounds, SCD-153, has shown particular promise. When applied as an ointment in prior studies, it reduced inflammation, protected hair follicles, and accelerated hair regrowth in mice by transitioning follicles from a dormant to an active state.
SPARC has now initiated phase 1 clinical trials for SCD-153, recruiting patients to further evaluate its safety and efficacy. The development of an orally administrable form of this compound would represent a significant advancement in alopecia areata treatment.
Source: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague)
Journal reference: Lee, C. B., et al. (2025). Discovery of Orally Available Prodrugs of Itaconate and Derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02646.
Disclaimer: This news article is based on information provided by the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. The results reported are from preclinical and early-stage clinical trials, and further research is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these compounds in humans. The information provided should not be interpreted as medical advice. Individuals with alopecia areata should consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
