0
0
September 9, 2024 – The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has issued a critical update regarding the ongoing spread of Oropouche fever (OROV) in the Americas, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and the reinforcement of vector prevention measures. This comes in response to an alarming rise in cases, with the virus spreading to new areas and deaths associated with the infection being reported.
Since PAHO’s last epidemiological alert on August 1, 2024, a total of 1,774 new Oropouche fever cases have been recorded across six countries, bringing the overall tally to 9,852 confirmed cases. Brazil, which remains the hardest-hit country, has reported 7,931 cases and two fatalities. Other affected countries include Bolivia (356 cases), Colombia (74 cases), Cuba (506 cases), Peru (930 cases), and the Dominican Republic (33 cases).
In addition to the spread within the Americas, imported cases have been identified in the United States (21 cases) and Canada (1 case), as well as 30 imported cases in Europe, following travel to endemic regions.
Maternal Transmission and Health Concerns
A concerning development in the outbreak is the detection of vertical transmission, with Brazil confirming one fetal death and one congenital anomaly linked to the virus. PAHO is currently investigating additional reports of fetal deaths, miscarriages, and congenital anomalies, raising further alarm about the impact on maternal and child health.
Oropouche fever is a viral disease marked by high fever, severe headache, and muscle and joint pain. While most individuals recover fully, in rare cases, the disease can lead to severe complications such as meningitis or encephalitis. With no specific treatment available, PAHO has reiterated that prevention remains critical.
PAHO’s Preventive Recommendations
PAHO has urged countries and individuals, particularly pregnant women, to take the following preventive measures:
- Use fine-mesh mosquito nets with holes smaller than 1 millimeter on doors and windows.
- Wear long-sleeved clothing and pants, especially in homes with infected individuals.
- Apply insect repellents containing DEET on exposed skin.
- Avoid outdoor activities during dawn and dusk when vector activity is highest.
- Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms arise.
The virus is primarily transmitted by the Culicoides paraensis midge, a small insect that thrives in humid environments with organic matter. These midges typically bite during the day, making vector control a significant challenge in affected regions.
PAHO Webinar and Provisional Guidelines for Vector Control
To address the growing concerns, PAHO held a webinar on September 6, bringing together experts from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) in Brazil and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webinar focused on the surveillance and control of the Culicoides midge and other potential vector species responsible for spreading Oropouche fever.
During the event, PAHO introduced Provisional Guidelines for entomological surveillance and vector control, which include detailed recommendations for monitoring the life cycle of vectors, capturing and processing collected specimens, and implementing effective prevention strategies.
As the outbreak continues to evolve, PAHO remains committed to closely monitoring the situation and providing support to member countries in controlling the spread of the virus and mitigating its public health impact.
Global Efforts and Ongoing Research
With the virus now being detected in areas where transmission had not previously been reported, health authorities are intensifying efforts to understand the full scope of the Oropouche virus’s spread. Research into vector behavior, viral transmission dynamics, and potential interventions is ongoing, with the goal of curbing further outbreaks and preventing new infections.
PAHO’s latest update serves as a critical reminder of the importance of vigilance, preparedness, and preventive action in tackling emerging infectious diseases.
