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Kolkata, May 8, 2025 – Ovarian cancer, the third most common cancer among Indian women, is affecting nearly 7 in every 100,000 females, according to the latest data from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). On World Ovarian Cancer Day, leading gynaecological oncologist Dr. Asima Mukhopadhyay highlighted the urgent need for early detection, noting that the disease remains difficult to diagnose in its early stages and is often discovered only after it has advanced.
Rising Incidence and Grim Survival Rates
ICMR statistics reveal an age-adjusted incidence rate of approximately 6.8 cases per 100,000 women in India, underscoring the growing public health challenge posed by ovarian malignancy1. While early-stage diagnoses (stages I-II) offer hope, with cure rates reaching up to 90% for stage I and a 70% five-year survival for stage II, only about 20% of cases are detected at these treatable stages. The prognosis worsens dramatically for advanced-stage disease (stages III-IV), where long-term survival drops to 20% or less.
Barriers to Early Detection
Ovarian cancer is notorious for its vague and non-specific symptoms-such as persistent bloating, abdominal discomfort, and changes in appetite-which often leads to delayed diagnosis. As a result, 70%–80% of Indian women are diagnosed at an advanced stage, where treatment options are limited and survival rates are poor. In contrast, early detection can boost survival rates above 80%.
Advances in Research and Treatment
Dr. Mukhopadhyay, whose research focuses on ovarian cancer, has identified homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in 50% of epithelial ovarian cancers-a discovery that helps predict patient response to PARP inhibitors, a class of drugs that have revolutionized personalized cancer treatment. She has also been instrumental in establishing advanced surgical and research programs in India, as well as facilitating international clinical trials through the KolGoTrg group.
Genetic Risk and Prevention
An estimated 10%–15% of ovarian cancers are linked to inherited genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, making family history a significant risk factor. Preventive measures, including risk-reducing surgeries like salpingectomy (removal of the fallopian tubes) after childbearing, have gained traction, inspired by high-profile cases such as Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie1. Additionally, studies suggest that hormonal contraceptive pills may significantly reduce ovarian cancer risk.
Screening and Public Health Advocacy
Given the disease’s silent progression, experts recommend that women begin systematic surveillance from age 30, using pelvic ultrasound and serum CA-125 testing as key diagnostic tools for early detection1. Oncologists are also calling for greater public awareness and urging the World Health Organisation (WHO) to recognize ovarian cancer as a critical public health priority.
Lifestyle and Awareness
Doctors emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications-such as healthy eating habits and regular exercise-to reduce the risk of premature cellular aging and, consequently, cancer risk. They also urge women and families to be vigilant about early warning signs and seek prompt medical consultation.
“Efforts should be made to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage by educating the population about the risk factors,” experts note, adding that most ovarian cancers are environmental in origin and, therefore, potentially avoidable.
Disclaimer:
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. For diagnosis, treatment, or concerns regarding ovarian cancer or any other health condition, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.
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