0
0
A recent study published in PNAS Nexus highlights a fascinating connection between the oral microbiome and cognitive function, shedding light on how our microbial ecosystem may influence brain health as we age. The findings suggest that dietary interventions, such as prebiotics and nitrate-rich foods, could potentially delay cognitive decline.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which affects approximately 15% of older adults, is a significant risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Prior research has established a link between periodontitis—a common gum disease—and reduced cognitive function. This study builds upon that foundation by exploring the specific microbial mechanisms involved.
Researchers, led by Anni Vanhatalo, identified two possible pathways linking oral health to brain health. First, pathogenic oral bacteria might enter the bloodstream and migrate to the brain, where they could cause damage. Second, harmful bacteria could displace nitrate-reducing bacteria, which are vital for producing nitric oxide—a molecule essential for synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation in the brain.
The study analyzed the oral microbiomes of 115 participants, including 55 individuals with MCI. Among participants with the APOE4 allele—a genetic marker that increases the risk of Alzheimer’s—specific bacterial profiles were linked to cognitive performance. Notably, the genus Neisseria was associated with improved executive function and visual attention in those with MCI, while its presence correlated with better working memory in healthy individuals. Conversely, the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella intermedia were linked to MCI status and APOE4-carrier status, respectively.
The findings suggest that dietary choices, particularly those rich in nitrates, could influence the composition of the oral microbiome and potentially improve cognitive outcomes. Diets such as the Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets may promote the growth of beneficial bacteria associated with brain health.
Dr. Joanna E. L’Heureux and colleagues emphasize that further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential interventions for reducing cognitive decline in aging populations.
For more information, the full study can be accessed at PNAS Nexus: DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae543.
Disclaimer:
The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Readers should consult healthcare professionals before making changes to their diet or oral health practices. The findings discussed are based on preliminary research and should not be interpreted as definitive evidence.
