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A newly recognized syndrome affecting a vast majority of U.S. adults—called cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome—can be prevented by maintaining four key health factors, according to experts from the American Heart Association (AHA). This cluster of chronic conditions includes heart disease, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, all of which are interconnected and influence overall health.
Understanding CKM Syndrome
CKM syndrome highlights how different organs and systems within the body depend on each other. When one health factor is imbalanced, it can negatively impact others, increasing the risk of severe conditions like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and metabolic disorders.
Dr. Sadiya S. Khan, an expert in cardiovascular epidemiology at Northwestern School of Medicine and a member of AHA’s Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health Initiative, emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to health. “The concept of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health reinforces how the four health factors are related to each other and how a holistic approach is needed for optimal health,” she stated.
Four Key Health Factors
The American Heart Association outlines four crucial health factors—blood pressure, lipids (cholesterol), body weight, and blood sugar level—within its Life’s Essential 8 framework. These factors not only influence heart health but also play a significant role in kidney and metabolic health.
1. Blood Pressure
High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when blood pushes too forcefully against blood vessel walls. This condition is a leading cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Since hypertension often has no symptoms, regular blood pressure checks are crucial. A healthy blood pressure reading is below 120/80, while readings of 130/80 or higher indicate potential risks.
Managing blood pressure involves adopting a heart-healthy diet, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan. This diet is low in fat and rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products. Reducing alcohol consumption can also contribute to lower blood pressure.
2. Cholesterol
Cholesterol, a waxy substance essential for cell production, can become problematic when levels are too high. Elevated cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Experts recommend keeping LDL (bad cholesterol) below 100 and triglycerides below 150 for optimal health.
Maintaining a healthy diet—such as the DASH or Mediterranean diet—combined with regular physical activity can help regulate cholesterol levels and reduce associated health risks.
3. Body Weight
Body mass index (BMI) is a common measure of healthy weight. However, fat distribution, particularly around the waist, plays a critical role in health risks. A BMI of 25 or higher and a waist circumference of 35 inches for women or 40 inches for men increases the likelihood of CKM syndrome.
To maintain a healthy weight, experts recommend setting realistic goals, monitoring portion sizes, making healthy food choices, and incorporating regular exercise into daily routines.
4. Blood Sugar
Uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to diabetes, which significantly impacts kidney function and increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Blood sugar is assessed through fasting blood glucose tests and A1C levels. Healthy ranges include a fasting blood glucose level of 70-99 mg/dL and an A1C level below 5.7%.
Managing blood sugar involves adopting healthy lifestyle habits such as balanced eating, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular physical activity. These strategies are especially important for individuals with a family history of diabetes.
Taking a Holistic Approach to Health
Beyond these four health factors, the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 also includes critical health behaviors such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco, and ensuring quality sleep. These lifestyle changes collectively promote long-term cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health.
Final Thoughts
With 90% of U.S. adults meeting the criteria for CKM syndrome, raising awareness about prevention strategies is essential. By monitoring and managing blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight, and blood sugar levels, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing chronic health conditions.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Individuals should consult a healthcare professional for personalized medical guidance and health management strategies.
Journal Information: JAMA Network Open
