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A new study reveals how Mycobacterium avium, a leading cause of stubborn lung infections, evolves inside patients over years. This chronic infection often resists treatment, with many patients needing prolonged antibiotics, yet relapse is common. Tracking genetic changes in the bacteria shows how it adapts, helping explain why infections persist and recur. These insights open pathways for better-targeted therapies to tackle this challenging condition. #LungHealth #MedicalResearch