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Research shows that multilingualism can improve executive function and other cognitive skills in children with autism.
A groundbreaking study suggests that bilingualism may offer significant cognitive benefits for children with autism. The research, conducted by a team of psychologists and specialists, explores how speaking multiple languages can improve executive function and even alleviate some symptoms of autism in children.
The study involved 112 children aged 7 to 12 and focused on how multilingualism influences cognitive development. The results revealed promising evidence that speaking two or more languages can enhance executive functions—mental skills essential for focus, planning, and multitasking.
The Bilingual Advantage in Autism
Lynn Perry, one of the lead researchers, explained the study’s findings: “We discovered that multilingualism is associated with improvements in executive function, which in turn is linked to improvements in autism symptoms.” Executive function is critical for daily tasks, but children with autism often struggle with these skills, which can affect their ability to adapt to new situations.
The research underscores the broader cognitive benefits of bilingualism. Multilingual children, whether neurotypical or neurodivergent, display improved perspective-taking skills, which are essential for understanding others’ viewpoints. “Multilingual children have enhanced perspective-taking skills, which help them better understand another person’s thoughts or point of view,” added Celia Romero, a researcher on the team.
Neuroscience Behind Bilingualism
The concept of “joint activation” helps explain these cognitive gains. This theory suggests that speaking two languages keeps both languages active in the brain, constantly shifting between them and enhancing cognitive control. Neuroscientist Lucina Uddin explained, “When juggling two languages, children strengthen their ability to inhibit one language in favor of the other, bolstering self-control and cognitive flexibility.”
While some had raised concerns that learning multiple languages might overwhelm children with autism, this study provides evidence to the contrary. Romero emphasized, “There’s no detriment to learning another language, whether or not a child has a neurodevelopmental disorder. This research helps address common misconceptions.”
Reassurance for Multilingual Families
The study’s findings are welcomed by professionals in the autism community. Michael Alessandri, executive director of the Center for Autism and Related Disabilities, expressed relief: “This sound research supports our recommendation to not restrict language exposure for children in multilingual homes. It will bring comfort to families living with autism.”
Future Directions
The researchers plan to expand their study by examining bilingualism’s impact on younger children and peer interactions, which are vital for social and cognitive development. Uddin is also conducting a follow-up study at UCLA to investigate how multilingualism influences brain development in autistic children.
Long-Term Benefits of Bilingualism
Beyond childhood, bilingualism continues to offer cognitive advantages. Studies show that multilingual individuals possess better problem-solving skills and memory retention as they age. For autistic individuals, these skills can lead to improved academic performance, workplace adaptability, and social interactions.
As research continues, experts hope that multilingual education will be more widely encouraged in neurodivergent communities, fostering long-term cognitive and social benefits.
The full study was published in Autism Research.
Disclaimer: While these findings suggest significant benefits of bilingualism for children with autism, it is important to note that every child is different. Families should consult with healthcare professionals before making decisions about language exposure.
