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Seoul, South Korea – A groundbreaking laser patterning technology developed by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) could transform the treatment of heart diseases by enhancing the performance of stents used in surgeries.
Traditional metal stents, widely employed to open clogged arteries, often pose a significant challenge: restenosis. This condition, marked by the re-narrowing of arteries due to the excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells, typically arises about a month after implantation. However, a novel stent surface treatment using laser patterning offers a promising solution by controlling vascular cell responses without relying on drugs.
The innovative technology, spearheaded by a KIST team led by Dr. Hojeong Jeon, utilizes nanosecond laser texturing to create nano- and micro-scale wrinkle patterns on nickel-titanium alloy surfaces. These patterns slow the migration and morphological changes of smooth muscle cells that contribute to restenosis while promoting the growth of endothelial cells, essential for restoring the vascular lining.
“This study demonstrates the potential of surface patterns to selectively control vascular cell responses without drugs,” said Dr. Jeon. “Using widely industrialized nanosecond lasers allows for precise and rapid stent surface processing, offering significant advantages for commercialization and process efficiency.”
Promising Results
The laser-textured surfaces showed remarkable results during in vitro vascular cell studies and ex-vivo angiogenesis assays using fetal animal bones. Key findings include:
- 75% Reduction in Smooth Muscle Cell Growth: The wrinkle patterns significantly suppressed the proliferation of smooth muscle cells that contribute to restenosis.
- Doubling Angiogenesis: The patterns created a more favorable environment for endothelial cell growth, accelerating the restoration of vascular linings.
These effects were further validated with biodegradable stents, which not only benefited from the enhanced endothelialization but also dissolved after improving vascular recovery, reducing long-term complications.
Commercial and Clinical Prospects
The technology holds potential for both metal and biodegradable stents, promising improved outcomes for patients and reduced risks of complications. Researchers plan to advance to animal testing and clinical trials to assess its full capabilities.
“This development is a leap forward in stent technology, offering a drug-free and efficient method to address common complications,” the team noted.
With its ability to enhance vascular recovery while mitigating risks, this laser patterning breakthrough could redefine the standards of care in heart disease treatment worldwide.
