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Anemia remains a critical global public health issue, affecting over 571 million women worldwide. A new nationwide study published in Frontiers of Medicine sheds light on the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in China, exploring geographic disparities and its association with metabolic factors like obesity and kidney function.
Key Findings on Anemia in China
Utilizing extensive data from the Meinian Healthcare Group system, the study estimates that 15.8% of non-pregnant Chinese women aged 18–49 suffer from anemia, defined as hemoglobin levels below 120.0 g/L (adjusted for altitude). Of these, 41.5% experience moderate to severe anemia.
The findings reveal significant geographic disparities. Xizang (Tibet) records the highest prevalence, while Guizhou reports the lowest. Age also plays a role, with the highest rates observed among women aged 40–44.
Anemia and Metabolic Factors
The study uncovers complex relationships between anemia and metabolic health. Overweight and obesity are negatively associated with overall anemia prevalence but positively linked to more severe forms of the condition. Impaired kidney function and cesarean delivery history also show a positive association with anemia, indicating the multifaceted nature of its causes.
Broader Implications
Globally, the prevalence of anemia among women has shown little progress, increasing from 28.5% in 2013 to 29.9% in 2019. In China, anemia rates have risen since 2010, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.
This research emphasizes the importance of addressing both anemia and related metabolic disorders. Despite its limitations, including a focus on urban populations and the absence of detailed clinical data on anemia subtypes, the study offers valuable insights for public health strategies.
A Call to Action
Heling Bao, the study’s lead author, advocates for increased attention to anemia in women of reproductive age, particularly in regions with high prevalence. The findings suggest that managing metabolic risk factors is key to reducing anemia’s burden and improving overall health outcomes.
For more details, refer to the full study: Heling Bao et al, Prevalence of anemia of varying severity, geographic variations, and association with metabolic factors among women of reproductive age in China: a nationwide, population-based study, Frontiers of Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.1007/s11684-024-1070-x.
