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On Sunday, top diabetologists emphasized the crucial role of monitoring insulin resistance levels in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes. India faces a significant diabetes challenge, with 101 million individuals diagnosed with the condition and an additional 136 million in the prediabetic stage, according to 2023 data from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Without immediate and effective interventions, these numbers could double over the next two decades.
Understanding Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance refers to the impaired action of insulin, particularly in reducing glucose levels in the blood. This condition can occur in various parts of the body, including the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Dr. V Mohan, Chairman of Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, explained that while many obese individuals exhibit insulin resistance, it does not necessarily lead to diabetes unless there is also a decrease in pancreatic beta cell function, which affects insulin secretion.
“Insulin resistance is a phenomenon in which there is resistance to the action of circulating insulin at the cellular level, especially in the liver and muscle,” noted Dr. Ambrish Mithal, Chairman of Endocrinology and Diabetes at Max HealthCare.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Identifying insulin resistance can be challenging, as it often presents with few symptoms. However, Dr. Mithal pointed out that severe cases might exhibit distinctive pigmentation changes. “Somewhat velvety pigmentation, which begins with just pigmentation, later thickens and turns velvety at the nape of the neck, neck creases, armpits, and near the elbows,” he said. This condition is typically associated with obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and may also present with skin tags.
Insulin resistance can manifest at any age but often begins during puberty. In girls, it is frequently linked with Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), which can cause hirsutism (excess facial hair) and irregular periods. Boys may also develop insulin resistance, although the presentation can differ.
Strategies to Curb Insulin Resistance
Beyond its role in diabetes, insulin resistance is associated with various other health conditions, including obesity and cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks.
Dr. Mohan recommended several lifestyle modifications to address insulin resistance, including calorie restriction, reducing carbohydrate intake, enhancing physical activity, and ensuring proper sleep. “Avoid refined carbohydrates, take carbohydrates with a lot of fiber, avoid fats, particularly the saturated fats like butter and ghee, eat nuts like almonds, walnuts — healthy sources of fats,” Dr. Mithal advised.
By implementing these lifestyle changes and closely monitoring insulin resistance levels, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing diabetes and improve their overall health.
