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A new study published in GeroScience has unveiled a potential link between middle-aged weight gain and brain aging. The research, conducted by a team of scientists from Toho University, Kyoto University, and Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, suggests that changes in visceral fat could contribute to cognitive decline in older adults.
The Role of Visceral Fat in Brain Health
Visceral adipose tissue, which stores fat in the peritoneal cavity, has been found to play a crucial role in maintaining cognitive function by producing a protein called CX3CL1. This protein promotes the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a molecule essential for brain health. In young individuals, this adipose-to-brain communication helps sustain cognitive function.
However, the study found that as individuals age, the expression of CX3CL1 in visceral fat declines. This reduction disrupts the brain’s ability to produce adequate BDNF levels, potentially leading to cognitive decline. In experiments with aged mice, researchers observed that restoring CX3CL1 levels helped improve cognitive function.
Hormones and Fat Metabolism
Another key discovery in the study is the role of steroid hormones in fat metabolism. These hormones normally trigger lipolysis (fat breakdown), which in turn enhances CX3CL1 expression. However, aged mice showed a reduced responsiveness to steroid hormones, leading to lower CX3CL1 production and, consequently, a decrease in brain BDNF levels.
Since the reduction in hormone-induced fat breakdown is linked to the accumulation of abdominal fat in middle age, the researchers propose that the same mechanisms contributing to weight gain during middle age might also play a role in brain aging.
Implications for Cognitive Health
The findings of this study open new avenues for treatments aimed at preventing cognitive decline and addressing depressive symptoms in older adults. By understanding the biological mechanisms underlying brain aging, researchers may be able to develop interventions that maintain cognitive function as people age.
The study was led by Dr. Yoshinori Takei and Dr. Atsushi Sugiyama from the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, along with Dr. Akira Hirasawa from Kyoto University and Dr. Yoko Amagase from Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University.
Disclaimer:
While these findings are significant, further research is needed to confirm their applicability to humans. Individuals concerned about weight gain or cognitive decline should consult healthcare professionals for personalized advice.
