0
0
May 31, 2025 — New research has revealed that men who carry two copies of a common genetic variant are more than twice as likely to develop dementia compared to those without the variant, while women with the same genetic profile do not face the increased risk. The findings, published in the journal Neurology, could pave the way for more targeted dementia prevention and treatment strategies.
The Role of the HFE Gene Variant
The study, led by researchers from Curtin University and Monash University, analyzed data from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial, which involved over 19,000 healthy older adults in Australia and the United States. The focus was on the HFE gene, which is crucial for regulating iron levels in the body. Specifically, the variant known as H63D was examined.
-
Prevalence: About one in three people carry one copy of the H63D variant, while one in 36 carry two copies.
-
Risk: Men with two copies of the H63D variant had more than double the risk of developing dementia. Women with the same genetic makeup did not show an increased risk.
Key Findings and Implications
Professor John Olynyk from Curtin Medical School explained that while the HFE gene is routinely tested in Western countries for haemochromatosis (a disorder causing excess iron absorption), this research suggests broader testing could be considered for men.
“Having just one copy of this gene variant does not impact someone’s health or increase their risk of dementia. However, having two copies more than doubled the risk of dementia in men, but not women,” said Professor Olynyk.
Interestingly, the study found no direct link between blood iron levels and increased dementia risk in men with the variant, pointing to other possible mechanisms such as inflammation and cell damage.
A Step Toward Personalized Medicine
Professor Paul Lacaze of Monash University highlighted the potential for these findings to improve dementia outcomes:
“Understanding why men with the double H63D variant are at higher risk could pave the way for more personalised approaches to prevention and treatment.”
With over 400,000 Australians currently living with dementia, and about a third of them being men, this research underscores the importance of genetic factors in disease risk and the value of large-scale collaborative studies.
About the ASPREE Trial
The ASPREE trial was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study originally designed to evaluate the effects of daily low-dose aspirin in healthy older adults. Its extensive data set has since supported numerous research projects on healthy aging.
The current dementia study was a collaboration among Curtin University, Monash University, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Fiona Stanley Hospital.
Disclaimer:
This article is for informational purposes only and is based on findings from the referenced study. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have concerns about your genetic risk for dementia or other health conditions, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Citations:
