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Malnutrition is a complex and multi-dimensional issue, affected mainly by a number of general factors including poverty, inadequate food consumption due to access and availability issues, improper maternal infant and child feeding and care practices, inequity and gender imbalances, poor sanitary and environmental conditions etc
As per the recently released report of the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS 5, 2019-21) the incidence of malnutrition among women when compared with NFHS 4 (2015-16) data indicates an improvement of 4.2 percentage points in the malnutrition rate among women as compared to men where a 4 percentage point change is observed. The details are tabulated below:
| Women aged 15-49 years with Body Mass Index (BMI) below normal
(BMI <18.5 kg/m2) |
Men aged 15-49 years with Body Mass Index (BMI) below normal
(BMI <18.5 kg/m2) |
||
| NHFS 4
(2015-16) |
NHFS 5
(2019-21) |
NHFS 4
(2015-16) |
NHFS 5
(2019-21) |
| 22.9 | 18.7 | 20.2 | 16.2 |
The estimated number of underweight, malnourished and severely malnourished children under 5 years of age is obtained under the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. As per the recent report of NFHS-5 (2019-21), the nutrition indicators for children under 5 years have improved as compared with NFHS-4 (2015-16). Stunting has reduced from 38.4% to 35.5%, Wasting has reduced from 21.0% to 19.3% and Underweight prevalence has reduced from 35.8% to 32.1%. Further, Under Poshan Abhiyan, the ‘Poshan Tracker’ application was rolled out on 1stMarch 2021, as an important governance tool. Technology under Poshan Tracker is being leveraged for dynamic identification of stunting, wasting, and under-weight prevalence among children across the country.
POSHAN Abhiyaan was launched on 8th March 2018 with an aim to achieve improvement in the nutritional status of Children under 6 years, Adolescent Girls, Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers in a time-bound manner by adopting a synergised and result-oriented approach. POSHAN Abhiyaan addresses malnutrition issues across the nation through components like ICT Application, Convergence, Community Mobilization, Behavioural Change & Jan Andolan, Capacity Building, Incentives and Awards, and Innovations. The Abhiyaan has been rolled out in all the 36 States/UTs covering all Districts across the country. The five key components critical for health and well-being or ‘Poshan ke Paanch Sutra’ are communicated under the Abhiyan. The messaging focuses on the importance of the first 1,000 days of a child, referred to as the “window of opportunity”, the importance of diarrhoea management, locally-available nutritious food, sanitation and hygiene and anaemia prevention.
The efforts under the Supplementary Nutrition Programme under Anganwadi Services and POSHAN Abhiyaan have been rejuvenated and converged as ‘Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0’. It seeks to address the challenges of malnutrition in children, adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers through a strategic shift in nutrition content and delivery and by the creation of a convergent eco-system to develop and promote practices that nurture health, wellness and immunity. The Anganwadi Services, Scheme for Adolescent Girls and Poshan Abhiyaan have been re-aligned under ‘Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0’ for maximizing nutritional outcomes.
This information was given by the Union Minister of Women and Child Development, Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani, in a written reply in Lok Sabha today.
