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August 1, 2024 – On World Lung Cancer Day, observed annually on August 1 to raise awareness around one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, experts have highlighted that lung cancer is the most common cancer to metastasize to the brain.
Lung cancer accounts for 72,510 annual cases in India, representing 5.8% of all cancer cases and ranking as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer, according to a recent study published in The Lancet Regional Health. A significant challenge in treating lung cancer arises when it spreads to critical parts of the body, such as the brain.
“Brain metastases are a prevalent complication across various cancer types, particularly among lung cancer patients,” stated Praveen Gupta, Principal Director & Chief of Neurology at Fortis Hospital. “About 10% of newly diagnosed patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop brain metastases. Lung cancer accounts for 40 to 50% of primary tumors in these cases.”
Addressing brain metastases requires a multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, neurologists, and palliative care specialists to meet the complex needs of patients. The primary goals are to alleviate symptoms, extend survival, and enhance the overall quality of life through personalized treatment plans and supportive care.
Common symptoms of brain metastases include persistent headaches, seizures, cognitive impairments, personality changes, and difficulties with motor functions or speech. These symptoms result from cancerous cells disrupting normal brain function, causing swelling, pressure, and damage to neural pathways, Gupta explained.
Lung cancer that has spread to the brain can be treated via therapies such as radiation and systemic chemotherapy, aiming to manage both the primary lung cancer and brain metastases.
Tobacco smoking remains the primary risk factor for lung cancer in India, contributing to a significant proportion of cases. “Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for about 85% of all cases. Quitting smoking is the most effective way to reduce the risk,” said Pavan Yadav, Lead Consultant – Interventional Pulmonology & Lung Transplantation at Aster RV Hospital. “However, exposure to environmental pollutants, occupational hazards, and genetic factors also play crucial roles in the development of this disease,” he added.
Early cancer detection and screening play a crucial role in improving lung cancer outcomes. When lung cancer is diagnosed at an early stage before it has spread to other parts of the body, there is a higher chance of successful treatment and potential cure. Yadav recommends screening programs like Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans for high-risk individuals, such as heavy smokers and those with a family history of the disease.
Experts urge the public to quit smoking and recognize warning signs such as persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, unexplained weight loss, and coughing up blood. Recognizing these symptoms can prompt individuals to seek medical evaluation promptly, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcomes.
