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A recent study has revealed a potential connection between prolonged antibiotic use and an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. The research, conducted by Seoul National University Hospital in South Korea, examined 298,379 individuals aged 40 and older who underwent national health examinations between 2004 and 2005.
The findings, published in the journal Neurology Clinical Practice, show that individuals exposed to antibiotics for more than 121 days had a 29% higher risk of developing Parkinson’s disease compared to those with no antibiotic exposure. When compared to individuals exposed for only 1-14 days, the risk surged by 37%.
“Extended usage of antibiotics was linked to a higher incidence of Parkinson’s disease, even after controlling for several risk variables,” the researchers noted. They emphasized the need for further studies to establish causation and understand the mechanisms driving this association.
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, often causing tremors, stiffness, and balance difficulties.
Gut-Brain Axis Implicated
In a post on X (formerly Twitter), Dr. Sudhir Kumar of Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals in Hyderabad highlighted the role of gut health in the association between antibiotics and Parkinson’s.
“Antibiotic use can alter the gut microbiota, and this alteration can last for several years. Antibiotics may also impact the gut-brain axis and have neurotoxic effects on the brain,” Dr. Kumar explained. He advised cautious use of antibiotics to minimize potential long-term risks.
Mixed Findings on Antibiotic and Antifungal Use
Adding complexity to the discussion, a separate study published in Parkinsonism & Related Disorders found that two or more courses of antifungal treatments increased Parkinson’s risk by 16%. However, five or more courses of penicillin antibiotics were associated with a 15% reduced risk of the disease.
Implications for Future Research and Public Health
These findings underscore the need to reevaluate the long-term use of antibiotics and antifungals. While antibiotics remain a crucial tool in treating infections, overuse may have unintended consequences, including impacts on neurological health. Experts advocate for additional research to explore the gut-brain connection and develop safer treatment protocols.
This growing body of evidence calls for both medical practitioners and patients to approach antibiotic usage with greater caution, balancing immediate needs against potential long-term risks.
