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Loneliness and social isolation interventions could mitigate health risks for individuals with obesity, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open on January 22. Lead author Lu Qi, MD, PhD, emphasizes the significance of addressing social and psychological factors alongside dietary and lifestyle aspects for improving health in people with obesity. Loneliness and social isolation, distinct factors linked with health outcomes and mortality, were explored in the study.
The research, conducted using data from the UK Biobank with nearly 400,000 participants, revealed that individuals with obesity who reported feeling less lonely and socially isolated were 36% less likely to die from all causes. The study spanned from March 2006 to November 2021, with an average follow-up of almost 13 years. Factors such as contact with others, frequency of social activities, and feelings of loneliness were assessed.
Social isolation was identified as a greater risk factor for various health complications, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, depression, anxiety, and lifestyle risk factors. Importantly, the study suggested that controlling social isolation and loneliness might attenuate the obesity-related excess risk of all-cause mortality.
The study did not specifically explore the mechanisms behind how loneliness and social isolation affect health, but previous research suggests a potential impact on biological functions and metabolism factors such as inflammation. Loneliness and isolation could also influence behaviors like increased drinking, smoking, and reduced exercise, contributing to health changes.
People with obesity face additional social barriers and biases that impact their social engagements and connections. Anti-fat bias may hinder their ability to make social connections, leading to withdrawal from situations that involve eating or physical activities in a group.
The findings highlight the importance of addressing social and psychological aspects in the overall health management of individuals with obesity. Loneliness and social isolation interventions could play a crucial role in improving health outcomes and reducing mortality risks in this population. The study underscores the need for a holistic approach to healthcare that considers both physical and mental well-being.
