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Temperatures are expected to soar across the WHO European Region this summer. It is important that we are all aware of the risks of extreme heat and how to protect our health so that we can enjoy the sporting events and festivals taking place over the coming months.
Heat stress is the leading cause of climate-related death in the Region. Over the past 20 years, there has been a 30% increase in heat-related mortality, with heat-related deaths estimated to have increased in almost all of the countries of the Region where monitoring is in place.
Temperature extremes can also exacerbate chronic conditions, including cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovascular diseases, and diabetes-related conditions. Additionally, extreme heat can place an additional burden on pregnant women. However, the adverse health effects of hot weather are largely preventable through good public health practices.
WHO #KeepCool campaign
WHO/Europe is launching its annual #KeepCool campaign to raise awareness about the dangers of extreme heat and provide simple guidance on how everybody can stay safe.
- Keep out of the heat: avoid going out and doing strenuous activities during the hottest time of day. If you are vulnerable to heat, take advantage of opportunities such as special shopping times for older people in the cooler mornings and evenings. Stay in the shade, do not leave children or animals in parked vehicles and, if necessary and possible, spend 2–3 hours of the day in a cool place.
- Keep your home cool: use the night air to cool down your home. Reduce the heat load inside your apartment, house or hotel room during the day by using blinds or shutters and turning off as many electrical devices as possible.
- Keep your body cool and hydrated: use light and loose-fitting clothing and light bed linen, take cool showers or baths, and drink water regularly while avoiding sugary, alcoholic or caffeinated drinks due to their dehydrating effect on the body.
It is important to take care of yourself and to check on family, friends and neighbours who spend much of their time alone. Vulnerable people might need assistance on hot days. If anyone you know is at risk, help him or her to get advice and support.
Staying safe while travelling in the heat
This year, 3 major international sporting events will be hosted in the Region: the 2024 UEFA European Football Championship on 14 June–14 July in Germany, and the 2024 Summer Olympic Games on 26 July–11 August immediately followed by the Paralympic Games on 28 August–8 September, both hosted by Paris, France.
In addition to all the usual events and festivals that take place over the summer months, these events will draw in even larger crowds of spectators. We can all protect ourselves by following the simple #KeepCool advice, as well as a few specific considerations while travelling.
- When heading out for the day, carry a refillable water bottle and sip frequently throughout the day, even if you do not feel thirsty.
- Eat lightly on hot days; instead of large meals, opt for several smaller meals throughout the day, choosing foods that are fresh and cool, such as fruits, vegetables, salads, low-fat soups and dairy products.
- Seek shade and use sun protection such as hats and umbrellas, sunglasses, and sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
- Dress lightly by wearing loose-fitting, light-coloured clothing that reflects sunlight rather than absorbing it.
- Plan your day by scheduling events, visits to tourist attractions and sightseeing in the cooler mornings or evenings.
- Check your medication to verify its heat tolerance. Follow storage instructions carefully.
- Recognize heatstroke symptoms, which include dizziness, nausea, confusion and excessive sweating. If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
A global challenge now
The Region is no exception when it comes to the consequences of climate change. It is the fastest-warming WHO region, with temperatures rising at around twice the global average rate. The 3 warmest years on record for the Region have all occurred since 2020, and the 10 warmest years have been since 2007.
Heatwaves are a present and growing concern due to climate change. Over the past 30 years, the hours of heat-stress risk for physical activity have spread beyond the hottest parts of the day. This shift may result in a reduction in overall physical activity, which in turn may increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases.
The frequency, intensity and duration of heatwaves, as well as other extreme weather events, are all expected to increase in the coming decades. This makes it even more important for individuals and communities to understand the risks and how to be prepared, and for health systems and societies to adapt to the changing climate.
Together we can ensure that the beautiful game of football and the spirit of the Olympics are not overshadowed by heat-related illness. By staying informed and taking precautions, we can all enjoy the summer safely, whether we are cheering on our favourite teams, listening to our favourite bands or exploring new destinations.
