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May 15, 2025
A new study published in Nutrients has raised concerns about the long-term health effects of high poultry consumption, a food often regarded as a healthier alternative to red meat. The research, led by Caterina Bonfiglio from the National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS Saverio de Bellis in Italy, suggests that eating large amounts of poultry may be linked to an increased risk of death, particularly from gastrointestinal cancers.
Key Findings
The study analyzed data from 4,869 participants (about 52% men) enrolled in two Italian cohort studies. Participants’ diets were assessed through detailed questionnaires, and their health was tracked for an average of 19 years. Over this period, 1,028 people (21.1%) died, including 108 deaths from gastrointestinal cancers such as colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer.
Researchers found that individuals consuming more than 300 grams of poultry per week had a 27% higher risk of death from all causes compared to those eating less than 100 grams weekly. The risk of dying from gastrointestinal cancers was more than double for those in the highest poultry consumption group. Notably, men in this group faced an even higher risk.
Context and Implications
While poultry is often considered a healthier protein source, its consumption-especially in processed forms-has been increasing globally. The study’s authors urge moderation, recommending that people diversify their protein sources, such as including more fish, and pay attention to cooking methods, avoiding high temperatures and prolonged cooking times.
“It is important to learn more about the long-term effects of this food category, white meat, that is widely consumed by the world population who, perhaps mistakenly, consider it healthy in absolute terms,” the authors wrote.
Study Limitations
The researchers noted several limitations:
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The study did not distinguish between processed and unprocessed poultry.
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Dietary data was self-reported, which can introduce inaccuracies.
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Physical activity levels were not accounted for.
Funding and Disclosures
The study was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, and the authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Disclaimer:
This article summarizes findings from a single observational study. The results do not establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between poultry consumption and mortality risk. Dietary choices should be made in consultation with healthcare professionals, considering individual health needs and the broader context of overall diet and lifestyle.
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