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Oral health is often overlooked in discussions about women’s well-being, but experts are emphasizing the crucial link between gum health and hormonal changes. Nicola West, Secretary General of the European Federation of Periodontology, highlights how different life stages—including puberty, pregnancy, and menopause—can make gums more vulnerable to disease, reinforcing the need for good oral care.
“Many women don’t realize the connection between hormonal changes and their gum health,” says West. “Throughout different stages of a woman’s life, hormone fluctuations can make gums more vulnerable to disease, making oral care ever more essential for overall health.”
Lack of Awareness Among Women
Recent research reveals that 84% of women over 50 were unaware that menopause could affect their oral health, while 70% of menopausal women reported at least one new oral health symptom, such as dry mouth or sensitive gums. However, only 2% of these women had discussed their symptoms with a dentist.
Similarly, younger women might dismiss bleeding gums during puberty or pregnancy as normal, without realizing the impact of hormonal fluctuations. This gap in awareness often means that gum issues go untreated, potentially leading to long-term oral health problems.
“The key is listening to your body and your mouth,” West advises. “If you notice changes like bleeding gums, chronic bad breath, or mouth discomfort, take it seriously and consult a professional. The earlier it is treated, the better the outcome in the long term.”
The Two-Way Relationship Between Gum and Overall Health
Tali Chackartchi, President-elect of the European Federation of Periodontology and Gum Health Day Coordinator for 2025, describes gum disease as a “silent disease” because it often progresses painlessly, making it difficult to detect early. Emerging research even suggests a connection between gum disease and fertility.
“By caring for your gums, you are not just preventing dental issues but potentially reducing the risk of broader health problems,” Chackartchi explains.
Hormonal Stages and Their Effect on Gum Health
- Puberty: Increased estrogen and progesterone levels result in heightened blood flow to the gums, leading to increased sensitivity and a higher risk of inflammation. Up to 70% of adolescent girls experience some form of gum inflammation during this stage.
- Menstrual Cycle: Some women may experience swollen gums, increased bleeding, or canker sores before their period. These symptoms, commonly called “menstrual gingivitis,” usually subside after menstruation.
- Pregnancy: Between the second and eighth months of pregnancy, 60–75% of expectant mothers develop “pregnancy gingivitis,” a mild form of gum disease caused by hormonal changes that make gums more sensitive to plaque buildup.
- Menopause: A drop in estrogen levels can lead to dry mouth, increased risk of cavities, gum recession, and heightened sensitivity. Some menopausal women also report a burning sensation in the mouth or changes in taste.
Prevention is Key
Experts stress that women should take a proactive approach to gum health. Regular brushing, flossing, using interdental brushes and mouthwash as recommended by dentists, and scheduling routine dental check-ups are essential for maintaining oral hygiene.
“A healthy mouth is a key part of a healthy life,” Chackartchi emphasizes.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a dental professional for personalized guidance on your oral health.
