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Fitness and smart watch bands, particularly those advertised as containing fluoroelastomers, have been found to harbor significant concentrations of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), a substance that may pose health risks through prolonged dermal exposure. A recent study led by Alyssa Wicks at the University of Notre Dame revealed PFHxA concentrations as high as 16,662 ng/g in certain watch bands, underscoring the need for further research into the potential dangers of these chemicals.
The Science Behind the Concern
PFHxA is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) family, a group of synthetic chemicals known for their persistence in the environment and potential health risks. Fluoroelastomers, a subclass of PFAS, are commonly used in wearable device materials to enhance durability and resistance to wear caused by contact with skin, sweat, and personal care products like sunscreen.
The study examined 22 new and used fitness and smart watch bands from a range of brands and price points, including 13 explicitly advertised as containing fluoroelastomers. Researchers used particle-induced gamma-ray emission spectroscopy to measure total fluorine concentrations in cut pieces of the watch bands. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyze 20 specific PFAS compounds, and additional assays assessed the presence of PFAS precursors.
Key Findings
- Fluoroelastomer Bands Dominated PFAS Concentrations: Watch bands containing fluoroelastomers had total fluorine concentrations ranging from 28.5% to 90.7%, whereas non-fluoroelastomer bands had concentrations of 28.1% to 49.7%.
- High Levels of PFHxA: PFHxA was detected in 41% of the bands, with a median concentration of 773 ng/g. One sample contained an alarming 16,662 ng/g, much higher than levels typically found in consumer products.
- Price Correlation: Expensive watch bands exhibited the highest fluorine levels (49.7% to 90.7%), while cheaper bands had surface fluorine concentrations of less than 1%.
- Potential for Dermal Absorption: Bands with high PFHxA concentrations had total PFAS levels ranging from 253 to 2016 ng/g, raising concerns about prolonged dermal exposure for individuals who wear these items for extended periods.
Health Implications and Recommendations
The study’s authors noted that the thousands of ng/g of PFHxA present in some watch bands, combined with prolonged daily wear, could lead to significant dermal absorption and human exposure. While the specific health effects of PFHxA are still under investigation, other PFAS compounds have been linked to health issues such as hormonal disruptions, immune system effects, and potential carcinogenicity.
For consumers concerned about exposure, the study’s lead author recommends avoiding watch bands explicitly marketed as containing fluoroelastomers. “If the consumer wishes to purchase a higher-priced band, we suggest that they read the product descriptions carefully,” the author advised in a press release.
Conclusion and Call for Further Research
The findings highlight the importance of continued research into the risks posed by PFAS in wearable devices, particularly as these materials are in close contact with the skin for extended durations. Regulatory oversight and transparency in product labeling could play a crucial role in protecting consumers from unnecessary chemical exposure.
The study was published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters and serves as a crucial step toward understanding the potential health risks associated with PFAS in everyday products. As awareness grows, consumers and manufacturers alike must prioritize safety and sustainability in wearable technology.
