0
0
In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists at Texas Tech University’s Biological Threat Research Laboratory (BTRL) have identified the first known case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) being transmitted from a mammal, specifically a dairy cow, to a human. This pivotal finding was detailed in a recent publication in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, underscoring the collaborative efforts led by Texas Tech researchers.
The case involved a farm worker who, despite no direct contact with sick or deceased birds, exhibited symptoms suggestive of influenza A after interacting with dairy cattle in March. Prompt action by regional health authorities led to the collection of samples for testing, which were swiftly processed at the BTRL—a vital component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Laboratory Response Network-Biological (LRN-B) based at Texas Tech’s Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH).
“This discovery is significant because it marks a notable transition of the virus from birds to mammals, specifically dairy cows, and subsequently to humans,” remarked Steve Presley, director of TIEHH and the BTRL, and co-author of the journal article. “It lays a critical foundation for future research into how this virus is evolving and spreading.”
The seamless collaboration between Texas Tech’s BTRL and various public health entities highlights the importance of preparedness and rapid response in handling emerging biological threats. Cynthia Reinoso Webb, biological threat coordinator at TIEHH, emphasized the lab’s readiness and standing capability within the CDC LRN-B to swiftly identify and analyze potential biological threats.
Following initial testing and identification of H5N1 in the dairy farm worker, rigorous protocols were followed to ensure accurate reporting and dissemination of findings. “Our team worked tirelessly in close coordination with the CDC, facilitating swift federal reporting and subsequent confirmation of our findings,” explained Reinoso Webb. “This case exemplifies the critical importance of structured communication and adherence to established protocols in handling complex biological incidents.”
The publication in the New England Journal of Medicine not only documents this unprecedented transmission event but also underscores the critical role of research institutions like Texas Tech in advancing our understanding of infectious disease dynamics and preparedness strategies.
As global health authorities continue to monitor the evolution of avian influenza viruses, the collaborative efforts and findings from Texas Tech’s BTRL are poised to inform future research and public health initiatives aimed at mitigating the risks posed by emerging infectious diseases.
Reference:
“Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Dairy Farm Worker” by Timothy M. Uyeki et al., New England Journal of Medicine, May 2, 2024. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2405371
