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In a significant development, the first instances of avian influenza (H5N1) infection in domestic cats have been reported in Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh. This discovery raises concerns about the virus’s potential to mutate and infect humans.
Scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (ICAR-NIHSAD) and the Union government’s Animal Husbandry Department documented these cases in January. The affected cats exhibited symptoms such as high fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy, succumbing to the illness within one to three days after sample collection. Notably, the study identified 27 mutations in the virus found in these cats.
The virus strain identified belongs to the 2.3.2.1a lineage, a variant of H5N1 that has caused outbreaks in poultry across India. This marks the first documented instances of this particular strain infecting domestic cats in the country.
The adaptability of the H5N1 virus to replicate in mammalian hosts, including domestic cats, raises concerns about its potential to mutate and infect humans. Virologist Jacob John emphasized the need for enhanced surveillance in domestic poultry, wild birds, and mammals, including pets and humans, given the virus’s ability to jump between species. He cautioned that while human-to-human transmission is still not efficient, ongoing changes in the virus signal the necessity to stay vigilant and prepared for potential future outbreaks.
This development underscores the importance of monitoring and controlling avian influenza to prevent further spread and potential human infections.
Disclaimer: This article is based on information available as of February 27, 2025. For the most current information, please refer to official health advisories and updates from relevant authorities.
