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A potentially fatal lung disease, known as interstitial lung disease (ILD), may have played a significant role in the deaths caused by Covid-19 infections, according to a study by a scientist duo. ILD, similar to cancer, often goes undetected for years and starts with minor symptoms such as a dry cough and breathing difficulty. The disease progresses gradually, leading to a reduction in lung size and making it difficult for patients to breathe.
India, with an incidence rate of 10 to 20 cases per 100,000 in the population related to industries and lung diseases, is particularly vulnerable. Dr. Asmita Mehta, Professor and HoD of Respiratory Medicine at Amrita Hospital Kochi, explained that ILD occurs when the interstitium, the connective tissue between lung sacs, thickens, constricting air sacs and reducing overall oxygen intake.
What makes ILD especially dangerous is its late diagnosis, often happening when the disease is already at an advanced stage. Professor Athol Wells, associated with Royal Brompton Hospital in London and Imperial College London, highlighted the average survival of three to four years after diagnosis, emphasizing the disease’s fatal nature and poor quality of life.
The scientists suggest that Covid-19 infection may exacerbate ILD, causing irreversible scarring in the lungs. While some individuals experienced a reversal of the condition, others faced fatal outcomes. The late diagnosis of ILD, coupled with fibrosis caused by Covid-19, might have contributed to severe respiratory failure and increased mortality rates in some cases.
Dr. Mehta raised concerns about coexisting ILD in patients who developed severe Covid-19, suggesting that pre-existing lung conditions could worsen outcomes. Those with ILD and Covid-19 had higher chances of needing ventilation, prolonged recovery times, and increased risk of long Covid syndrome.
Professor Wells expressed doubts that abnormalities in the immune system, likely existing before Covid-19 infection, might contribute to worsened outcomes. While pollution and smoking are recognized causes of ILD, the scientists pointed out that many cases are autoimmune in nature and genetically influenced.
The study underscores the need for early detection and diagnosis of ILD to prevent severe complications, particularly in the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Sensitizing healthcare professionals to recognize ILD symptoms early is crucial, as prompt intervention can significantly impact patient outcomes.
