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A new study has found that women who experience early menopause face a significantly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, underscoring the impact of hormonal changes on metabolic health.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease associated with serious health complications, including cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality. While genetics, obesity, and lifestyle factors are well-established risk factors, this study highlights the role of women-specific factors, particularly menopause timing, in influencing diabetes risk.
Key Findings from the Study
Menopause marks a major hormonal transition in a woman’s life, affecting metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control. While estrogen’s role in these processes is well known, the relationship between menopause timing and diabetes risk has remained unclear—until now.
To address this knowledge gap, researchers from Korea University analyzed health data from 1,125,378 postmenopausal women in South Korea. The study, led by Associate Professor Ga Eun Nam, revealed that women who experienced premature menopause (before the age of 40) had a notably higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those who underwent menopause at the typical age of 50 years or older. The risk increased further as the age of menopause decreased. The findings were published in JAMA Network Open on January 21, 2025.
The Role of Estrogen and Metabolic Health
The study suggests that the absence of estrogen, a hormone crucial in maintaining insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, may contribute to this increased risk. Lead author Prof. Nam emphasized the importance of lifestyle modifications, stating, “Women who have experienced premature or early menopause may have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared to the average woman, so it’s necessary to pay more attention to maintaining an appropriate weight and lifestyle modification, such as engaging in regular exercise and keeping a balanced diet.”
Importance of Early Detection and Prevention
The researchers highlight the need for early detection and proactive management. Women with a history of premature or early menopause are advised to undergo regular health check-ups and adopt lifestyle interventions to reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes. Prof. Nam further noted, “It’s important to deal with it early through active regular check-ups.”
This large-scale study not only provides valuable insights into the link between menopause timing and diabetes risk but also suggests the potential for targeted screening and prevention programs tailored to women at higher risk.
Implications for Women’s Health
According to Prof. Nam, “Research linking premature menopause to increased type 2 diabetes risk could transform health care within a decade by enabling targeted screening, updating clinical guidelines, developing tailored prevention programs, and empowering women through education.”
These findings reinforce the importance of considering menopause as a significant transition affecting metabolic health. The study contributes to a growing body of research that recognizes the role of hormonal changes in diabetes prevention and management.
More Information: Byung-Joon Ko et al, Age at Menopause and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Korea, JAMA Network Open (2025). DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.55388
Journal Information: JAMA Network Open
Disclaimer:
This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Readers are encouraged to consult healthcare professionals for medical concerns and before making any changes to their health routines.
