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In a recent report published in BMJ Case Reports, doctors have raised concerns about the potential risks associated with the improper positioning of menstrual cups, which may lead to serious kidney complications.
The report details a case involving a woman in her early 30s who developed uterohydronephrosis—a condition characterized by a swollen kidney due to obstructed urine flow. The patient had experienced intermittent pelvic and flank pain for about six months, along with blood in her urine. A scan revealed a swollen right kidney and ureter, with a menstrual cup positioned near the opening of the ureter into the bladder.
The patient, who had previously undergone kidney stone removal and used a copper intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception, reported using a menstrual cup for one or two days per month during heavy flow. Following medical advice, she ceased using the menstrual cup, and a subsequent scan showed that her kidney swelling had resolved, with normal urine drainage restored.
Doctors concluded that the menstrual cup had likely blocked the ureter, impeding urine flow. Although similar cases have been rarely reported, the medical team emphasized the importance of correct cup positioning and appropriate sizing to prevent such complications. Some patients in prior cases resumed menstrual cup use without further issues, with at least one opting for a smaller-sized cup.
Menstrual cups have gained popularity as a sustainable alternative to traditional period products. While complications are uncommon, they can include pain, vaginal wounds, allergic reactions, leakage, infections, urinary incontinence, and IUD dislodgement. The close anatomical relationship between the vagina and the terminal part of the ureters means that incorrect placement of a menstrual cup could impact urinary drainage.
Doctors urge women and healthcare providers to be better informed about the correct usage of menstrual cups to minimize potential health risks. They recommend that users pay attention to the cup’s shape and size and seek guidance on proper positioning.
“Currently, menstrual cups can be purchased and used without professional medical advice, highlighting the need for comprehensive and accessible information for users,” the report authors noted.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Individuals experiencing pain or other symptoms related to menstrual cup use should consult a healthcare professional for appropriate guidance.
Reference: Ureterohydronephrosis due to a menstrual cup, BMJ Case Reports (2025). DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-262035
