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Amid a growing cholera outbreak in Kerala and Gujarat, a leading medical expert emphasized the critical importance of maintaining hygiene to curb the spread of the disease. Dr. Sujatha Thyagarajan, Senior Consultant in Pediatrics and Pediatric Intensive Care at Aster RV Hospital in Bengaluru, highlighted the role of hygiene in preventing cholera transmission and urged the public to adhere to strict sanitation practices.
Cholera, a waterborne bacterial infection caused by Vibrio cholerae, is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food, particularly seafood. “Once ingested, the bacteria multiply within the small intestine and produce toxins responsible for severe watery diarrhea, commonly referred to as ‘rice water stools,’ and severe dehydration,” explained Dr. Thyagarajan.
The outbreak has notably affected Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala’s capital, where there has been one suspected death and 12 confirmed cases. Additionally, 17 suspected cases are currently under treatment. In Gujarat, authorities have declared a 2-kilometer radius as a cholera-affected area under the Epidemic Diseases Act, following several reported cases.
“The rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes, if not replaced quickly, can lead to death. The spread of cholera can be swift, especially in areas with limited clean water supply and unsanitary conditions, potentially reaching epidemic proportions,” Dr. Thyagarajan warned.
Prevention of cholera, she noted, requires a comprehensive approach. Vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly, are particularly susceptible to severe dehydration, complications, and death, necessitating prompt recognition and treatment.
“The focus must be on improving personal hygiene and ensuring access to clean, potable water. Adequate sanitation practices are essential to prevent sewage contamination, and safe water must be provided at all times,” Dr. Thyagarajan advised. She also stressed the importance of proper cooking and safe handling of seafood.
Maintaining personal hygiene, such as washing hands with soap after using the toilet and before eating, is crucial. “Once an outbreak is identified, it must be contained aggressively through regular surveillance and prevention methods,” she added. The primary treatment for cholera is timely rehydration through oral rehydration solution (ORS) or intravenous fluids to replace the rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes. In severe cases, antibiotics can be effective.
As the cholera outbreak continues to challenge public health in Kerala and Gujarat, adherence to hygiene practices and prompt medical intervention remain vital in controlling the spread and reducing fatalities.
